Language-specific and language-general mechanisms in bilingual aphasic individuals

双语失语症个体的语言特异性和语言一般机制

• 批准号: 10837180
• 负责人: Esti Blanco-Elorrieta
• 金额: $ 24.88万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10837180
• 关键词: Address; Age; Anatomy; Aphasia; Architecture; Award; Behavioral; Boston; Brain; Brain Injuries; Censuses; Characteristics; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Data; Data Set; Development; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Immigrant; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Lesion; Linguistics; Link; Location; Maps; Massachusetts; Mentors; Methods; Multilingualism; Neurobiology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Patients; Population; Process; Production; Protocols documentation; Quality of life; Recovery; Research; Retrieval; Sampling; Site; Speech; Structure; Supervision; Symbiosis; Symptoms; System; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Training; Typology; Universities; Work; base; bilingualism; career; cognitive neuroscience; design; experience; experimental study; improved; language impairment; language processing; lexical; low socioeconomic status; nervous system disorder; neural; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; patient population; phrases; post stroke; prevent; remediation; socioeconomics; stroke-induced aphasia; synergism; theories; treatment planning

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speaking multiple languages is the norm for the majority of the population of the world. However, research on the neural bases of multilingualism has not been commensurate with the demographic relevance of this population. In no small part, this has been due to the traditionally lower socioeconomic or immigrant status of multilingual individuals. Consequently, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the organization and interaction between languages in the bilingual brain. This lack of knowledge has appalling implications for planning behavioral and surgical treatments for bilingual individuals with neurological disorders: it is currently unclear which cortical tissue needs to be spared, and how much and how often each language should be targeted to maximize recovered language function after brain damage in bilingual individuals. Thus, there is a critical need to obtain a better understanding of how multilingual individuals’ languages are organized and how they interact at different levels of representation to inform the development of strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will be the majority of the US population by 2040. The proposed project will address this gap in knowledge by combining the study of aphasic and healthy Spanish- English bilingual individuals in behavioral and fMRI tasks to create a symbiosis where theory and praxis mutually inform each other. Specifically, the project will investigate the typology of deficits in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals at the lexical level (i.e., single-word level; Aim 1A), and at the morphosyntactic level (i.e., how words are combined into meaningful phrasal/sentential structures; Aim 1B) through the analysis of a spontaneous speech corpus. The validity of the conclusions derived from these analyses will be tested and confirmed with tailored behavioral experiments (Aim 1C). Aim 2 will target the neural bases of these processes through a combination of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals (Aim 2A) and fMRI analysis of healthy bilingual individuals (Aim 2B). Critically, by combining the study of a large speech corpus, targeted experimental paradigms, and neuroimaging research, the proposed project holds the potential to obtain a comprehensive characterization of bilingual individuals’ language organization across linguistic levels. This information will constitute the first step to subsequently develop theoretically informed language recovery strategies, and protocols tailored to the needs and characteristics of brain damaged bilingual individuals. Thus, the successful accomplishment of the projects laid out in this proposal will establish the basis to develop strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will soon be the majority of the US population. This award will also provide the candidate, who has a strong background in cognitive neuroscience and electrophysiological methods, with critical training in patient testing and neuroimaging methods, to promote a successful transition to an independent research career.

项目概要/摘要 说多种语言是世界上大多数人的常态，但是，研究表明。 多语言的神经基础与人口相关性不相称 这在很大程度上是由于传统上社会经济或移民地位较低所致。 经过检查，掌握多种语言的人缺乏有关组织和组织的基本知识。 这种知识的缺乏对双语大脑中的语言之间的相互作用产生了可怕的影响。 为患有神经系统疾病的双语个体制定行为和手术治疗：目前正在 不清楚哪些皮质组织需要被保护，以及每种语言应该被攻击的程度和频率 因此，迫切需要双语个体在脑损伤后恢复语言功能。 更好地了解多语言个体的语言是如何组织的以及它们如何互动 在不同的代表性水平上，为制定最大化潜在语言的策略提供信息 到 2040 年，这一人群将成为美国人口的大多数，脑损伤后的康复。 拟议的项目将通过结合失语症和健康西班牙语的研究来解决这一知识差距。 英语双语个体在行为和功能磁共振成像任务中创造理论与实践相辅相成的共生关系 具体来说，该项目将调查中风后失语症双语者的缺陷类型。 在词汇层面（即单个单词层面；目标 1A）和形态句法层面（即单词如何表达） 通过分析自发演讲，组合成有意义的短语/句子结构；目标 1B) 这些分析得出的结论的有效性将通过定制的语料库进行测试和确认。 行为实验（目标 1C）将通过组合来针对这些过程的神经基础。 中风后失语双语者基于体素的病变症状映射（目标 2A）以及健康人的功能磁共振成像分析 关键是，通过结合大型语音语料库的研究，进行有针对性的实验。 范式和神经影像学研究，拟议的项目有可能获得全面的 该信息将描述双语个体跨语言水平的语言组织。 构成随后制定理论上有依据的语言恢复策略的第一步，并且 根据脑损伤双语个体的需求和特征量身定制的方案因此是成功的。 本提案中列出的项目的完成将为制定以下战略奠定基础： 最大限度地提高脑损伤后语言恢复的可能性，该群体很快将成为大多数 该奖项还将提供具有强大认知背景的候选人。 神经科学和电生理学方法，以及患者测试和神经影像学方面的关键培训 方法，促进成功过渡到独立研究生涯。