Radiation Protectors and Radiation Therapy Coupled Chemoprevention

放射防护器和放射治疗联合化学预防

基本信息

批准号：
8245173
负责人：
DAVID J. GRDINA
金额：
$ 31.4万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-06-01 至 2014-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8245173
关键词：
Acids Acute Myelocytic Leukemia Address Adult Adverse effects Affect Alkylating Agents Alkylating Antineoplastic Agents Amifostine Animal Testing Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents Base Pairing Biological Assay Biological Availability Cancer Patient Carmustine Cells Chemoprevention Chemopreventive Agent Chemoprotective Agent Chemotherapy-Oncologic Procedure Childhood Chronic Cisplatin Clinical Combined Modality Therapy Complex Coupled Couples Therapy Cyclophosphamide Cytoprotection Cytoprotective Agent DNA Damage Descriptor Development Diagnosis Disease Dose Drug usage Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes Effectiveness Ethylnitrosourea Evaluation Exhibits Experimental Neoplasms Exposure to FDA approved Frameshift Mutation Gene Mutation General Population Genomics Goals Grant Guanine Head and Neck Cancer Health Hematopoietic Hematopoietic stem cells Hour Human Hypoxanthines Incidence Individual Induced Mutation Investigation Ionizing radiation Kidney Knock-in Mouse Laboratories Lateral Lesion Long-Term Survivors Lung Lung nodule Lymphocyte Malignant - descriptor Malignant Childhood Neoplasm Malignant Neoplasms Malignant neoplasm of ovary Marketing Mediating Metastasis Induction Modality Modeling Molecular Monitor Mus Mutagenesis Mutation Myeloid Leukemia Names Neoplasm Metastasis Nitrosourea Compounds Nodule Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Normal Cell Oral Package Insert Parotid Gland Patients Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Pharmaceutical Preparations Phase Pilot Projects Population Postoperative Period Predictive Value Predisposition Primary Neoplasm Process Property Protocols documentation Radiation Radiation therapy Radiation-Protective Agents Radio Regimen Relative (related person)Resources Risk Risk Factors Schedule Second Primary Cancers System Tail Testing Therapeutic Therapeutic Agents Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Time Toxic effect Transferase Treatment Efficacy Treatment Protocols Treatment-Related Cancer Validation Veins Wild Type Mouse Work Xerostomia analog artificial lung base cancer cell cancer prevention cancer therapy carcinogenesis cell killing chemotherapeutic agent chemotherapy cytotoxic design dosage effective therapy improved irradiation killings leukemia leukemogenesis mouse model neoplastic neoplastic cell novel oncology outcome forecast phosphorothioate prevent promoter public health relevance radiation effect research study response stem success treatment strategy tumor tumor growth

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of radiation and chemotherapy has resulted in steadily improving cure rates in both childhood and adult cancer patients. This therapeutic success, however, has been limited by the frequent development of secondary cancers in long term survivors. Examples of therapy-related cancers include myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. These neoplastic disorders are a consequence of the therapy induced- DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells. Patients with potentially curable cancers represent a critical population for the development of strategies for chemoprevention of secondary malignancies. The goals of this proposal are the identification, characterization, and validation of agents that can prevent mutational damage in hematopoietic stem cells while preserving the anti-tumor efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy regimens. This novel paradigm of radioprotector-mediated chemoprevention is known as therapy coupled chemoprevention (TCC). To facilitate these studies, we will use the MLL-ELL knock-in mouse model that closely recapitulates the multistep process of transformation observed in human-related acute myeloid leukemia. These MLL-ELL knock-in mice do not develop leukemia spontaneously, but exhibit a high susceptibility to leukemia following exposure to a DNA damaging agent. This model will provide a novel and unique resource to test and validate TCC strategies for patients at risk for secondary cancers. TCC agents to be examined are amifostine and phosphonol, which each possess anti-mutagenic properties at doses 4- to 16- fold lower than those required to demonstrate classical cytoprotection. We will determine the maximum non- cytoprotective doses of these TCC agents in mice having 4 day old FSa "artificial" micro lung metastases treated with ionizing radiation and an alkylating-chemotherapeutic agent such as cyclophosphamide. Using the Hprt mutation assay, we will assess the anti-mutagenic effectiveness of TCC agents in MLL-ELL knock-in mice and their wild type counterparts following exposure to ionizing radiation and alkylating agent therapy. Using the MLL-ELL knock-in mouse model, we will also evaluate the efficacy of TCC to prevent radiation- and alkylating agent-induced mutations at the Hprt locus and the development of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia in the same anima system. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This grant addresses the growing health problem of cancer patients cured of their first cancer by radiation and chemotherapy only to be diagnosed in later years with a cancer induced by those therapies. By appropriately administering to patients at the time of their radiation and chemotherapies cancer prevention drugs that can prevent mutations and cancer development without affecting the direct killing of cancer cells, patients will continued to be cured but without the risk of developing new cancers due to their treatments.

描述（由申请人提供）：放疗和化疗的使用使儿童和成人癌症患者的治愈率稳步提高。然而，这种治疗的成功受到长期幸存者频繁发生继发性癌症的限制。治疗相关癌症的例子包括骨髓增生异常综合征和急性髓性白血病。这些肿瘤性疾病是治疗引起的造血干细胞 DNA 损伤的结果。患有潜在可治愈癌症的患者是制定继发性恶性肿瘤化学预防策略的关键人群。该提案的目标是鉴定、表征和验证能够预防造血干细胞突变损伤，同时保留放疗和化疗方案的抗肿瘤功效的药物。这种放射防护剂介导的化学预防的新范例被称为治疗联合化学预防（TCC）。为了促进这些研究，我们将使用 MLL-ELL 敲入小鼠模型，该模型密切概括了在人类相关急性髓性白血病中观察到的多步骤转化过程。这些 MLL-ELL 敲入小鼠不会自发患上白血病，但在暴露于 DNA 损伤剂后表现出对白血病的高度易感性。该模型将提供一种新颖且独特的资源来测试和验证针对有继发性癌症风险的患者的 TCC 策略。待检查的 TCC 药物是氨磷汀和膦醇，它们均具有抗诱变特性，其剂量比证明经典细胞保护所需剂量低 4 至 16 倍。我们将确定这些TCC药物在用电离辐射和烷化化疗剂如环磷酰胺治疗的具有4天大FSa“人工”微肺转移瘤的小鼠中的最大非细胞保护剂量。使用 Hprt 突变测定，我们将评估 TCC 药物在 MLL-ELL 敲入小鼠及其野生型小鼠暴露于电离辐射和烷化剂治疗后的抗突变效果。使用 MLL-ELL 敲入小鼠模型，我们还将评估 TCC 在预防放射和烷化剂诱导的 Hprt 位点突变以及同一动物系统中治疗相关的急性髓性白血病发展方面的功效。公共健康相关性：这项拨款解决了癌症患者日益严重的健康问题，这些癌症患者通过放疗和化疗治愈了第一例癌症，但在随后的几年里又被诊断出患有这些疗法诱发的癌症。通过在患者进行放疗和化疗时适当地给予患者癌症预防药物，可以防止突变和癌症发展，而不影响直接杀死癌细胞，患者将继续得到治愈，但不会因为治疗而产生新癌症的风险。