The role of racialized urban planning in shaping inequitable urban food environments and obesity disparities

种族化城市规划在塑造不公平的城市食品环境和肥胖差异中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10705680
负责人：
Jessica C Jones-Smith
金额：
$ 19.95万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-16 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10705680
关键词：
Address Adopted Area Attention Black American Black Populations Black race Body mass index Businesses Categories Cementation Censuses Characteristics Cities Color Communities Data Degenerative polyarthritis Development Diabetes Mellitus Disparity Economics Environment Exposure to Federal Aid Federal Government Food Funding Future Geography Grant Growth Health Home Housing Hypertension Individual Inequity Interview Investigation Investments Link Local Government Longevity Longitudinal cohort Maps Measures Mental Depression Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Neighborhoods Newspapers Obesity Obesity Epidemic Outcome Pathway interactions Persons Policies Politics Population Production Public Health Quality of life Race Racial Equity Racial Segregation Research Research Project Grants Risk Factors Role Sample Size Shapes Slum Structural Racism System United States National Institutes of Health Urban Renewal Work cohort deprivation disorder risk economic indicator experience feasibility testing food environment health data health disparity health equity informant interest multidisciplinary multiple chronic conditions nutritional epidemiology obesity prevention obesity risk obesogenic public health intervention racial disparity recruit residential segregation segregation social epidemiology spatiotemporal structural determinants tool urban planning

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Black Americans experience a disproportionate burden of obesity, one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century. Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple chronic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and depression, and is associated with a lower quality of life and shortened life span. Despite decades of public health interventions to address this problem, racial disparities in obesity persist and, in some cases, are widening. Substantial evidence shows that neighborhood environments, including segregation, deprivation, and food environments are associated with obesity risk and that these neighborhood characteristics vary systematically between Black and White populations. However, a critical scientific gap remains in understanding the root cause of obesity among communities of color – structural racism. The impact of structural racism vis-à-vis historical racialized policies and urban planning decisions on current day inequitable food environments and obesity disparities has received little systematic investigation. We propose to examine three historical racialized policies and practices, starting in the late 1930s – redlining, “slum” clearance, and highway placement – that have been hypothesized to have cemented residential racial segregation and maintained an advantaged status of White populations by limiting commercial, housing, and economic opportunities afforded to Black populations. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated these racialized policies as structural determinants of obesity disparities. Our aims are to: 1) determine the extent to which cumulative exposure to redlining category (red, yellow, blue, green), “slum” clearance, and highway development is associated with contemporaneous and longitudinal change in racial composition, economic indicators, and food environments of neighborhoods; 2) examine the historical and contemporary sociopolitical context of these three racialized policies through qualitative analysis of city comprehensive plans, newspaper media, and key informant interviews; and 3) examine the extent to which cumulative neighborhood-level exposure to these three racialized policies is associated with increases in BMI and risk of obesity. We are proposing a short-term, developmental R21 research grant to test the feasibility of linking newly compiled spatial and contextual urban planning and policy data with the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, which contains in-depth, longitudinal health data for people who were initially recruited from six cities. Findings from this work will be consequential for refocusing scientific attention on upstream causes of obesogenic environments and obesity disparities, and identifying structural solutions to advance racial equity in obesity prevention. In the future, we will build on this developmental grant (R21 proposal) with additional cohorts that include BMI and diabetes health data in different cities to expand the sample size and geographic scope.

项目概要美国黑人承受着不成比例的肥胖负担，这是最重要的公共卫生问题之一 21世纪的挑战肥胖是多种慢性病的主要危险因素，包括糖尿病、高血压、骨关节炎和抑郁症，与生活质量下降和寿命缩短有关。尽管几十年来采取了公共卫生干预措施来解决这一问题，但肥胖方面的种族差异仍然存在，在某些情况下，大量证据表明，邻里环境，包括。隔离、剥夺和食物环境与肥胖风险相关，这些社区然而，黑人和白人之间的特征存在系统性差异。仍然需要了解有色人种社区肥胖的根本原因——结构性种族主义的影响。结构性种族主义相对于历史上的种族化政策和当今城市规划决策的不公平我们建议对食品环境和肥胖差异进行系统的调查。始于 20 世纪 30 年代末的三项历史性种族化政策和做法——红线划线、“贫民窟”清理和高速公路布局——已被纳入括号内以巩固住宅种族隔离和通过限制商业、住房和经济来维持白人的优势地位据我们所知，没有研究调查过这些种族化的人。政策作为肥胖差异的结构性决定因素我们的目标是： 1) 确定肥胖差异的程度。红线类别（红、黄、蓝、绿）、“贫民窟”清理和高速公路开发的累积暴露与种族构成、经济指标的同期和纵向变化有关社区的食品环境；2）研究这些社区的历史和当代社会政治背景通过对城市总体规划、报纸媒体和关键城市的定性分析，制定了三项种族化政策知情者访谈；3) 检查社区层面对这三项的累积接触程度种族化政策与体重指数和肥胖风险的增加有关。发展 R21 研究补助金，用于测试将新编制的空间和文脉城市联系起来的可行性动脉粥样硬化多种族研究 (MESA) 队列的规划和政策数据，其中包含深入的、这项工作的结果将是最初从六个城市招募的人员的纵向健康数据。导致科学注意力重新集中在致胖环境和肥胖的上游原因上差异，并确定结构性解决方案以促进肥胖预防方面的种族平等。将在此发展拨款（R21 提案）的基础上添加包括 BMI 和糖尿病健康在内的其他队列不同城市的数据扩大了样本量和地理范围。