The shape and circuitry of neurons in the retina.

视网膜神经元的形状和电路。

• 批准号: 7628702
• 负责人: MARGARET MACNEIL
• 金额: $ 12.07万
• 依托单位: YORK COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7628702
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Amacrine Cells; Animals; Applications Grants; Birth; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cessation of life; Cities; Commit; Data; Development; Excision; Faculty; Felis catus; Funding; Funding Agency; Ganglia; Gender; Grant; Image; Inner Nuclear Layer; Knock-out; Label; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lesion; Life; Mammals; Mentors; Methods; Myxoid cyst; National Eye Institute; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; New York; Normal tissue morphology; Participant; Parvalbumins; Pattern; Plastics; Population; Process; Regulator Genes; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retrograde Degeneration; Shapes; Staging; Staining method; Stains; Students; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Trans-Synaptic Degeneration; Traumatic Brain Injury; Universities; Visual; Visual Cortex; Woman; Work; Writing; area striata; career development; cell type; college; design; ethidium homodimer; field study; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; ganglion cell; horizontal cell; presynaptic; programs; public health relevance; research study; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Damage to primary visual cortex early in life results in a massive reorganization within the brain. The cortico-cortical projections within the cortex reorganize the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus degenerates and 90% of 2 ganglion cells in the retina die. These changes take place quickly because if the lesion takes place one month later, there is less reorganization in the cortex and LGN and the retinal ganglion cells survive. The purpose of this proposal is to test whether removing a select population of ganglion cells at a vulnerable stage in development will impact the survival of presynaptic cells. We propose to take a simple approach: remove a single type of ganglion cell during a critical stage in development, count the various cell classes that are present and screen for specific bipolar and amacrine cell types with commercially available markers. Our preliminary results suggest that transneuronal retrograde degeneration of 2 ganglion cells after early lesions of primary visual cortex alters the composition of the INL in a cell-specific way. This approach is unique because we are eliminating a single population of ganglion cell without knocking out regulatory genes or physically manipulating the retina to see whether specific presynaptic cells are directly impacted by death of their targets. This research is important because it may reveal the retinal circuits that are most affected following damage to visual cortex as well as ones that could be exploited in people suffering from visual deficits due to brain trauma or neurodegenerative disease. Public Health Relevance: The purpose of this proposal is to investigate whether damage to visual cortex and subsequent loss of retinal ganglion cells from the retina induces reorganization of the inner nuclear layer in the retina. This research is important because it may reveal the retinal circuits that are most affected following damage to visual cortex as well as ones that could be exploited in people suffering from visual deficits due to brain trauma or neurodegenerative disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：生命早期对主要视觉皮层的损害导致大脑内部大规模的重组。皮质内的皮质皮质投影重组了丘脑的侧向基因核，在视网膜死亡中脱离了2个神经节细胞中的90％。这些变化很快发生，因为如果病变发生在一个月后发生，则皮质和LGN的重组较少，而视网膜神经节细胞存活。该提案的目的是测试在发育中脆弱阶段去除精选的神经节细胞种群会影响突触前细胞的存活。我们建议采用一种简单的方法：在开发的关键阶段删除单一类型的神经节细胞，计算出存在的各种细胞类别，并筛选出具有市售标记的特定双极和无摩乳细胞类型。我们的初步结果表明，在原发性皮层早期病变后，2个神经节细胞的跨神经元逆行变性以细胞特异性的方式改变了INL的组成。这种方法是独一无二的，因为我们消除了一个单一的神经节细胞，而不会敲除调节基因或物理操纵视网膜，以查看特定的突触前细胞是否受到其靶标的死亡的直接影响。这项研究很重要，因为它可能揭示了视觉皮层损害后受到影响最大的视网膜回路，以及由于脑部创伤或神经退行性疾病而导致视觉缺陷的人可能会利用的视网膜电路。 公共卫生相关性：该提案的目的是调查视觉皮层的损害以及随后从视网膜中导致视网膜神经节细胞损失是否会引起视网膜内部核层的重组。这项研究很重要，因为它可能揭示了视觉皮层损害后受到影响最大的视网膜回路，以及由于脑部创伤或神经退行性疾病而导致视觉缺陷的人可能会利用的视网膜电路。