Neighborhood characteristics and neurodevelopment: Risk and protective factors, and susceptibility to stressors and school disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic

社区特征和神经发育：COVID-19 大流行期间的风险和保护因素以及对压力源和学校干扰的易感性

• 批准号: 10668234
• 负责人: Daniel A Hackman
• 金额: $ 63.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-19 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10668234
• 关键词: 10 year old; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Age; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Buffers; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Cities; Collection; Communication; Communities; Country; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disadvantaged; Disasters; Discipline; Disparity; Economic Burden; Education; Emotional; Emotions; Enrollment; Environment; Equity; Family; Fostering; Health; Health Promotion; Inequity; Intervention; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Neighborhoods; Neurocognition; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Policies; Population Study; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Reporting; Research; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Schools; Site; Stress; Structure; Support System; System; Time; Variant; Youth; behavior change; burden of illness; cognitive development; cohort; community burden; contextual factors; design; educational atmosphere; emotion regulation; emotional functioning; executive function; experience; gray matter; health difference; health disparity; innovation; long-term sequelae; multimodality; neighborhood disadvantage; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; outcome disparities; pandemic disease; physical conditioning; post-COVID-19; post-pandemic; pre-pandemic; protective factors; public education; public health intervention; resilience; school disruption; social determinants; stressor

Project Summary Neighborhoods are an important ecological context for child and adolescent development and a social determinant of physical health, mental health, and school achievement. Research has begun to elucidate the associations between neighborhood disadvantage and brain structure, function, and behavior in relation to executive function (EF) emotion regulation (ER), and emotional processing which may contribute to these short- and long- term differences in health and development. Nevertheless, there are no population-based studies that have examined the relation between neighborhood disadvantage, and changes in neighborhood disadvantage, with longitudinal changes in neurodevelopment to determine if differences widen, narrow, or remain stable during adolescence, a potential sensitive period. Moreover, there has been limited consideration of how associations may vary across the country, and thus if they are of widespread importance. In addition, neighborhood risk may increase vulnerability to major stressors and disruptions in schooling, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. These COVID-19 related changes have disproportionately impacted disadvantaged communities and may exacerbate neighborhood-related differences in underlying neurodevelopmental systems. Finally, it is important to understand resilience, and the modifiable contextual factors that may protect against both neighborhood disadvantage and the impact of COVID-19. This proposal will use the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an ongoing longitudinal study that is uniquely suited to address these questions. The ABCD Study enrolled a diverse cohort of 9-10-year-old children (n = 11,878) across 21 U.S. sites, contains multimodal measures of neurodevelopment for EF, ER, and emotional processing and rich measures of family, school, and neighborhood contexts, as well integrated rapid measurement of COVID-19 related impacts. This study will capitalize on the staggered timing of the pandemic onset in the ABCD cohort, which occurred between varying waves of data collection across participants. This creates a quasi-experimental design with the study separated into a pre-pandemic and post-pandemic onset phase. In the pre-pandemic phase, we will determine the association between neighborhood disadvantage, and neighborhood change, with longitudinal change in brain and behavioral development (Aim 1). Second, we will examine if the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated stressors and school disruptions, are associated with brain and behavior change, and exacerbate neighborhood related differences, with pre-pandemic measures serving as controls for post-COVID-19 measures. (Aim 2). Finally, we will elucidate the modifiable family, community and school factors that serve as moderators and foster resilience (Aim 3). This study will thus identify potential neurodevelopmental pathways related to neighborhood disadvantage and COVID-19, and identify modifiable contextual factors that are potential targets for policy and programmatic interventions to ameliorate disparities in health and well-being, and the disparate impact of COVID-19, while informing prevention strategies for subsequent pandemics or disasters.

项目概要 社区是儿童和青少年发展的重要生态环境和社会环境 身体健康、心理健康和学业成绩的决定因素。研究已经开始阐明 邻里劣势与大脑结构、功能和行为之间的关联 执行功能（EF）、情绪调节（ER）和情绪处理可能有助于这些短期 以及健康和发展方面的长期差异。然而，目前还没有基于人群的研究表明 研究了邻里劣势与邻里劣势变化之间的关系， 神经发育的纵向变化，以确定差异是否扩大、缩小或保持稳定 青春期，潜在的敏感期。此外，对于协会如何 全国各地可能有所不同，因此它们是否具有广泛的重要性。此外，邻里风险可能 增加对重大压力源和学校教育中断的脆弱性，例如在 COVID-19 大流行期间。 这些与 COVID-19 相关的变化对弱势社区产生了不成比例的影响，并可能 加剧潜在神经发育系统中与邻里相关的差异。最后，重要的是 了解弹性，以及可修改的环境因素，这些因素可以防止邻居 COVID-19 的劣势和影响。该提案将使用青少年大脑和认知能力 发展（ABCD）研究，一项正在进行的纵向研究，特别适合解决这些问题。 ABCD 研究招募了美国 21 个地点的 9-10 岁儿童群体（n = 11,878），包含 EF、ER 和情绪处理神经发育的多模式测量以及丰富的家庭测量， 学校和社区环境，以及对 COVID-19 相关影响的综合快速测量。这 研究将利用 ABCD 队列中大流行的交错时间，该时间发生在 参与者之间不同的数据收集波次。这创建了一个准实验设计的研究 分为大流行前和大流行后发病阶段。在大流行前阶段，我们将确定 邻里劣势与邻里变化之间的关联，以及纵向变化 大脑和行为发展（目标 1）。其次，我们将检查 COVID-19 大流行以及相关的 压力源和学校干扰与大脑和行为变化有关，并加剧邻里关系 相关差异，大流行前的措施可作为对 COVID-19 后措施的控制。 （目标 2）。 最后，我们将阐明可改变的家庭、社区和学校因素，这些因素充当调节者和培育者 韧性（目标 3）。因此，这项研究将确定与邻里相关的潜在神经发育途径 劣势和 COVID-19，并确定可修改的背景因素，这些因素是政策和政策的潜在目标 旨在改善健康和福祉方面的差异以及不同影响的计划性干预措施 COVID-19，同时为随后的流行病或灾难提供预防策略。