Electric Vehicle Adoption in California: Predictors, Impacts on Local Air Quality and Respiratory Health, and Inequities

加州电动汽车的采用：预测因素、对当地空气质量和呼吸系统健康的影响以及不平等

• 批准号: 10634346
• 负责人: Erika Garcia
• 金额: $ 51.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-20 至 2028-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10634346
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Adult asthma; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Back; California; Cardiopulmonary; Case Study; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Charge; Childhood Asthma; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Collaborations; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Databases; Disease; Emergency department visit; Ensure; Environment; Equity; Evaluation; Exposure to; Focus Groups; Foundations; Future; Health; Health Benefit; Health Status; Hospitalization; Housing; Incentives; Inequity; Infrastructure; Knowledge; Left; Light; Los Angeles; Measures; Methods; Modification; Motor; Neighborhoods; Nitrogen Dioxide; Nitrogen Oxides; Outcome; Participant; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Policy Maker; Population; Predictive Factor; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Structure; Testing; Transportation; United States; Vehicle Emissions; Work; air monitoring; asthma exacerbation; catalyst; climate change; community engaged research; community engagement; contextual factors; design; empowerment; epidemiologic data; fine particles; health disparity; health equity; housing instability; improved; innovation; insight; large datasets; meetings; member; premature; respiratory health; social health determinants; social structure; sociodemographics; traffic-related air pollution; trend; underserved community

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electrification of the transportation sector in the United States, crucial for climate change mitigation, is projected to have considerable co-benefits for public health through reductions in tailpipe-related emission. Numerous studies have estimated impacts on air quality and a few on health outcomes under various hypothetical scenarios—but no study to date has evaluated the broad real-world impacts of current rapidly increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption levels. Further, there a serious concern is that EV adoption is not equitably distributed across the population. We propose to study inequities in EV adoption and in the observed local air quality and respiratory health co-benefits of EV adoption, using a sequential qualitative  quantitative  qualitative mixed methods design which melds community-engaged research with traditional epidemiological data analyses of large statewide databases in CA. We will first conduct focus group discussions with community members of the Southeast Los Angeles region, in collaboration with our community partner, to better understand perceived barriers and possible opportunities for promoting adoption of EVs in underserved communities (Aim 1a). Data from these focus group discussions will be used to refine our preliminary conceptual framework for EV adoption and identify additional hypotheses for testing in subsequent quantitative aims. Next, key predictive factors of neighborhood-level EV adoption in CA will be characterized using real-world data on EV registration (Aim 1b). Then, we will evaluate the effect of observed local EV adoption on measured tailpipe-related air pollutant concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) and assess potential effect measure modification by neighborhood/contextual factors (Aim 2). Finally, we will examination associations of EV adoption with local ED visits and hospitalization for pediatric and adult asthma and COPD, again assessing for potential effect measure modification by neighborhood/ contextual factors (Aim 3). Sustained bidirectional community engagement is built in across the entire study period. In addition to focus group discussions, the community engagement plan includes annual community dialogues and Advisory Council meetings and a final community report back meeting. Our multi- pronged approach for community engagement is expected to enhance the relevance, validity, and impact of research findings. Study findings will provide policymakers with valuable real-world evidence on air quality and health co-benefits of the EV transition and empower communities with documented inequities in the transition, facilitating future research to mitigate these effects and reduce future environment and health disparities.

项目概要/摘要 美国交通运输部门的电气化对于缓解气候变化至关重要 预计通过减少与尾气相关的排放，将为公众健康带来巨大的共同效益。 许多研究估计了不同条件下对空气质量的影响，还有一些研究对健康结果的影响。 假设情景——但迄今为止还没有研究评估当前快速发展对现实世界的广泛影响 此外，一个严重的问题是电动汽车的采用率并未提高。 我们建议研究电动汽车采用和观察到的不平等现象。 使用连续定性→定量的方法，了解采用电动汽车对当地空气质量和呼吸系统健康的协同效益  定性混合方法设计，将社区参与研究与传统研究相结合 我们将首先对加州大型全州数据库进行流行病学数据分析。 与我们的合作，与东南洛杉矶地区的社区成员进行讨论 社区合作伙伴，更好地了解感知到的障碍和可能的促进机会 这些焦点小组讨论的数据将用于完善服务欠缺社区的电动汽车数量（目标 1a）。 我们关于电动汽车采用的初步概念框架，并确定用于测试的其他假设 接下来，将对加州社区级电动汽车采用的关键预测因素进行定量分析。 使用 EV 注册的真实数据进行表征（目标 1b）然后，我们将评估观察到的效果。 当地采用电动汽车来测量与尾气相关的空气污染物浓度（细颗粒物 [PM2.5] 和 二氧化氮 [NO2]）并评估邻里/环境因素的潜在影响措施修改 （目标 2）最后，我们将检查 EV 采用与当地急诊就诊和住院的关系。 儿童和成人哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病，再次评估潜在效果测量修改 社区/环境因素（目标 3）。 除了焦点小组讨论之外，社区参与计划还包括年度活动。 社区对话和咨询委员会会议以及最终社区报告会议。 社区参与的多管齐下的方法预计将提高相关性、有效性和影响力 研究结果将为政策制定者提供有关空气质量和环境的宝贵现实证据。 电动汽车转型的健康协同效益，并赋予社区在转型过程中记录的不平等现象， 促进未来的研究，以减轻这些影响并减少未来的环境和健康差异。