COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF VOCAL CONTROL

声音控制的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
7666320
负责人：
ELIOT A BRENOWITZ
金额：
$ 33.48万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-04-01 至 2011-03-20
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7666320
关键词：
Address Adult Androgen Receptor Androgens Animals Apoptosis Apoptotic Automobile Driving Autoradiography Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Biological Assay Biological Models Birds Brain Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Breeding Caspase Caspase Inhibitor Cell Death Process Cell Nucleus Cessation of life Comparative Study Contralateral Cues Dementia Dental crowns Development Ecuador Effectiveness Endocrine System Diseases Environment Environmental Risk Factor Estradiol Estrogen Antagonists Estrogen Nuclear Receptor Estrogen Receptors Goals Gonadal Steroid Hormones Growth Hearing Hormonal Hormones Implant In Situ Hybridization In Situ Nick-End Labeling Individual Infusion procedures Ipsilateral Knowledge Label Language Learning Life Maintenance Measures Mediating Messenger RNA Metabolic Modeling Nervous system structure Neurodegenerative Disorders Neuronal Plasticity Neurons Neurosciences Neurosecretory Systems Pattern Peptide Hydrolases Photoperiod Physiological Play Preparation Property Reproduction Research Research Personnel Role Schizophrenia Seasons Site Slice Songbirds Sparrows Stanolone Steroids Stroke Structure System Testing Testosterone Tetrodotoxin Thymidine Time Work anabolic steroid abuse caspase-3 comparative cytochrome c oxidase design extracellular in vivo inhibitor/antagonist male programs social steroid hormone vocal control voltage

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A fundamental feature of nervous systems is that they provide plasticity of structure and function which allows animals to adapt to changes in their environment. We are only beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms, the limitations, and the behavioral consequences, such as learning, of naturally occurring plasticity in the brain. The song control system in the avian brain provides excellent opportunities for addressing such basic issues of behavioral neuroscience. Seasonal changes of environmental factors, such as photoperiod, have a profound effect on birds and most other animals. In songbirds seasonal changes in photoperiod elicit changes in circulating concentrations of gonadal steroid hormones, which in turn cause changes in song behavior and in morphological and physiological attributes of the neuroendocrine system that controls song. The exchange of social cues between individuals enhances the growth of the song system during the breeding season. The goal of this proposal is to use a comparative approach to explore the proximate mechanisms and behavioral functions of seasonal plasticity in the avian song control system. We will determine whether seasonal changes in neuronal recruitment to song nuclei are causally related to seasonal death of neurons, and whether hormones play a neuroprotective role. We will examine how the electrophysiological properties of neurons change seasonally, and whether seasonal growth of song circuits is activity dependent. Tropical birds show seasonal plasticity of their song systems and we will test whether this is mediated by steroid hormones. The results of the proposed studies will increase our understanding of steroid hormonal influences on the nervous system, how steroid hormones can be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and the relationship between plasticity in the adult brain and learning.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经系统的基本特征是它们提供结构和功能的可塑性，使动物适应其环境的变化。我们才开始了解基本机制，局限性和行为后果，例如学习，对大脑中自然存在的可塑性。禽大脑中的歌曲控制系统为解决行为神经科学的基本问题提供了极好的机会。环境因素的季节性变化，例如光周期，对鸟类和大多数动物都有深远的影响。在鸣禽中，光周期的季节变化引起了性腺类固醇激素的循环浓度的变化，这又导致歌曲行为以及控制歌曲的神经内分泌系统的形态和生理属性的变化。在繁殖季节，个人之间的社交线索交换增强了歌曲系统的增长。该提案的目的是使用比较方法来探索鸟类歌曲控制系统中季节性可塑性的接近机制和行为功能。我们将确定神经元募集到歌曲核的季节性变化是否与神经元的季节性死亡有关，以及激素是否起神经保护作用。我们将研究神经元的电生理特性如何在季节性变化，以及歌曲电路的季节性生长是否取决于活动。热带鸟类显示其歌曲系统的季节性可塑性，我们将测试这是否是由类固醇激素介导的。拟议的研究的结果将增加我们对类固醇激素对神经系统的影响，类固醇激素如何用于治疗神经退行性疾病以及成人大脑中可塑性与学习之间的关系。