Collateral Consequences of Parents Incarcerations for Their Adolescent Children: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

父母监禁对其青春期子女的附带后果：一项前瞻性纵向研究

基本信息

批准号：
10321376
负责人：
LINDA A TEPLIN
金额：
$ 11.48万
依托单位：
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-10 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10321376
关键词：
Address Admission activity Adolescence Adolescent Affect African American Age Alcohol abuse Area Behavior Caregivers Characteristics Child Child Rearing Childbirth Clinical Data Development Drug abuse Education Employment Opportunities Environment Ethnic Origin Family Fathers Female Frequencies Friends Gender Goals Hispanics Home Imprisonment Interview Jail Lead Life Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal prospective study Matched Group Mediating Mental Health Mental disorders Mission Mothers National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institute of Drug Abuse National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Neighborhoods Not Hispanic or Latino Occupations Outcome Parents Participant Persons Poverty Prisons Problem behavior Prospective Studies Public Housing Race Recording of previous events Records Sampling Schools Social Environment Social support Strategic Planning Substance abuse problem Time United States Youth anti social cohesion college convict critical developmental period critical period ethnic diversity ethnic minority population experience foster care health disparity health equity promotion health inequalities high risk improved loved ones male minority health parental influence peer prospective protective effect psychosocial racial and ethnic racial and ethnic disparities recruit resilience social substance use

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT More than 2.2 million people—disproportionately racial/ethnic minorities—are incarcerated in the U.S. More than half of males and nearly 2/3 of females in prison have children. Racial/ethnic disparities prevail: 1 in 9 African American children and 1 in 28 Hispanic children have a parent in prison compared with 1 in 56 non-Hispanic white children. Incarceration, whether or not it occurs during the child's lifetime, may disrupt families, alienate loved ones, and limit opportunities for employment, public housing, college admission, public aid, and some occupations, leading to poverty and residential instability. Incarceration during the child's lifetime may have direct consequences for the child: a new caregiver, moving homes, changing schools, or placement in foster care. Despite the importance of data addressing these health inequities, no comprehensive study has examined the consequences of parents' incarceration on their children. Prior studies, for example, assessed parents' incarceration only globally (e.g., “yes/no,”); could not analyze the frequency and duration of incarceration; conflated jail (pretrial and sentences <1 year) and prison (convicted felons, >1 year), and did not examine collateral consequences. We will leverage data already collected in the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP) to conduct the first comprehensive prospective study of the collateral consequences of parents' incarcerations on their adolescent children. Begun in the mid-1990s, the NJP is a large-scale longitudinal study of mental health needs and outcomes of youth after detention. Many of our participants (G1), now median age 36, have children of their own, with whom we have maintained contact since 2002. We will study 466 families with children (G2) ages 10 to 17 years, a critical developmental period for problem behaviors. We will (1) use prospective longitudinal data from the NJP (up to 14 clinical interviews with parents and official records); (2) conduct new interviews with parents (n = 466) and an additional caregiver (n = 284) to ascertain collateral consequences of incarcerations and child outcomes; (3) interview the 466 children to ascertain their psychosocial functioning and experiences; and (4) conduct qualitative interviews (n = 48 children) to assess their experiences of their parents' incarceration. The proposed study has 3 aims: (1) To examine the relationship between parents' incarceration and their child's psychosocial outcomes in 4 areas: mental health, substance abuse, antisocial (delinquent) behaviors, and education; (2) To identify how the collateral consequences of incarceration mediate the associations found in Aim 1; and (3) To predict resilience, identifying variables that mitigate consequences of parents' incarceration on child outcomes; we will focus especially on malleable aspects of social environments. The proposed study responds to (1) Healthy People 2030, which promotes health equity and elimination of health disparities; (2) the Strategic Plan of NIMHD to reduce health disparities; (3) the Strategic Plans of NIDA and NIAAA to address the causes and consequences of drug and alcohol abuse; and, (4) NICHD's mission for all children to lead healthy, productive lives.

项目概要/摘要美国有超过 220 万人（其中少数族裔/族裔）被监禁。超过一半的男性和近 2/3 的女性在监狱中普遍存在种族/民族差异：1。 9 名非裔美国儿童和每 28 名西班牙裔儿童中有 1 名父母入狱，而这一比例为 56 名儿童中的 1 名非西班牙裔白人儿童的监禁，无论是否发生在孩子的一生中，都可能会造成混乱。家庭，疏远亲人，并限制就业、公共住房、大学入学、公共援助和一些职业，导致儿童在监禁期间陷入贫困和居住不稳定。一生可能对孩子产生直接影响：新的照顾者、搬家、转学校，或尽管解决这些健康不平等问题的数据很重要，但没有全面的数据。研究考察了父母入狱对其子女的影响，例如，仅在全球范围内评估父母的监禁情况（例如，“是/否”）；无法分析监禁的频率和持续时间；监禁（预审和刑期<1年）和监狱（已定罪重罪犯，>1年），并且没有我们将利用西北青少年项目中已收集的数据来检查附带后果。（NJP）对父母的附带后果进行首次全面的前瞻性研究 NJP 始于 20 世纪 90 年代中期，是一项大规模的纵向监禁活动。对拘留后青少年的心理健康需求和结果的研究。现在我们的许多参与者（G1）。中位年龄 36 岁，有自己的孩子，我们自 2002 年以来一直与他们保持联系。我们将研究 466 个有 10 至 17 岁儿童（G2）的家庭，这是问题行为的关键发展时期。将 (1) 使用来自 NJP 的前瞻性纵向数据（最多 14 次与家长和官方的临床访谈） (2) 对父母 (n = 466) 和额外的照顾者 (n = 284) 进行新的访谈，以确定监禁和儿童结局的附带后果；(3) 采访 466 名儿童以确定他们的情况心理社会功能和经历；(4) 进行定性访谈（n = 48 名儿童）以评估拟议的研究有 3 个目的：(1) 考察他们的父母被监禁的经历。父母入狱与孩子在四个方面的社会心理结果之间的关系：心理健康、 (2) 确定抵押品如何监禁的后果介导目标 1 中发现的关联；以及 (3) 预测复原力，我们将重点关注确定减轻父母入狱对儿童结局影响的变量；特别是在社会环境的可塑性方面，拟议的研究针对 (1) 健康人群。 2030 年，促进健康公平和消除健康差距；(2) NIMHD 战略计划减少健康差距；(3) NIDA 和 NIAAA 解决原因和后果的战略计划药物和酒精滥用；以及 (4) NICHD 的使命是让所有儿童过上健康、富有成效的生活。