Molecular Insight into Toxicant Degradation by Microbial Communities

微生物群落有毒物质降解的分子洞察

基本信息

批准号：
7596967
负责人：
GERBEN J ZYLSTRA
金额：
$ 2.96万
依托单位：
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-07-01 至 2010-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7596967
关键词：
Academy Address Aerobic Affect Agriculture Alkane 1-monooxygenase Alkanes American Aromatic Hydrocarbons Awareness Bacteria Biochemical Biochemical Pathway Biodegradation Biodiversity Biological Markers Biological Models Bioremediations Cataloging Catalogs Categories Characteristics Chemicals Cloning Communities Complement Country Cytochrome P450 DNA DNA Sequence Dependence Diagnostic Dioxins Dioxygenases Ecology Energy-Generating Resources Environment Enzymes Equipment and supply inventories Exposure to Faculty Family Fingerprint Future Gene Expression Gene Family Genes Genetic Variation Genomics Goals Growth Habitats Health Heavy Metals Human Hydrocarbons International Intervention Investigation Knowledge Kyrgyzstan Left Length Libraries Measures Metabolic Metagenomics Methodology Methods Microbiology Mixed Function Oxygenases Modeling Molecular Molecular Analysis Molecular Biology Monitor Nature Oceans Organism Oxygenases Parents Pathway interactions Petroleum Pharmacologic Substance Physiology Play Poison Polar Regions Pollution Polychlorinated Biphenyls Population Recovery Reporting Research Research Infrastructure Role Saline Sampling Scientist Site Snow Soil Soil Microbiology Source Stream Stress Superfund System Systems Biology Techniques Technology Time Toxicogenomics United States Universities Ursidae Family anthropogenesis base environmental enrichment for laboratory animals experience forest hazard high throughput screening insight interest microbial microbial community microorganism parent grant rRNA Genes remediation research study tool toxicant

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Microorganisms have a large biochemical potential, with the capability to use natural and anthropogenic compounds as growth and energy sources. They possess unique adaptability to extreme environmental conditions and are found everywhere on the Earth. However, it is well known that the biodiversity of microorganisms remains relatively untapped with more than 99% of all bacteria in the environment uncharacterized. The alkane degrading bacteria are example model systems for studying microbial biodiversity with the added benefit of industrial relevance from both the environmental remediation and industrial biocatalysis standpoints: alkane degrading bacteria are active in the biodegradation of petroleum and their alkane oxidizing enzymes are valuable in performing chiral transformations of pharmaceutical relevance. Unique alkane degrading bacteria have been isolated from the ocean, from the Polar Regions, from soil, and from polluted sites. Many new genera and species have recently been described based on organisms isolated for the ability to degrade alkanes. The Kyrgyz Republic represents a region of the world with varied habitats ranging from high mountain deserts, permanently snow-capped mountains, heavily saline and alkaline soils, petroleum and heavy metal polluted sites left over from the soviet era, agricultural fields, mountain forests and streams, pristine valleys, and a large (100 miles long by 40 wide) mildly saline mountain lake (Lake Issyk-Kyl). These environments have not yet been systematically examined for the diversity of microorganisms that they possess. The present proposal aims to explore the microbial diversity of alkane degrading bacteria in the Kyrgyz Republic with the aim of finding and characterizing bacteria and alkane hydroxylase genes that are unique to the varied habitats in the Kyrgyz Republic. A molecular ecology approach will be taken, using a variety of methodologies to examine DNA directly extracted from the environment and from enrichment cultures. Microbial diversity will be monitored using the 16S rRNA gene as a biomarker and alkane degrading diversity will be examined using diiron and cytochrome P450 alkane monooxygenase genes as the target. The proposal brings together Kyrgyz Republic soil microbiology scientists with faculty at Rutgers University who have extensive experience in the molecular characterization of catabolic pathways. Fuel hydrocarbons such as alkanes are common contaminants in the environment. Exposure to these compounds can affect human health and well being. Knowledge of the microorganisms which are involved in the remediation of these chemicals and their molecular ecology in developing and remote countries like the Kyrgyz Republic plays a major role in determining the environmental fate of these and other toxic compounds. Public awareness among the people of the Kyrgyz Republic of the hazards of pollution will be raised through the interactive activities of this proposed research.

描述（由申请人提供）：微生物具有巨大的生化潜力，能够利用天然和人为化合物作为生长和能源。它们对极端环境条件具有独特的适应能力，在地球上随处可见。然而，众所周知，微生物的生物多样性仍然相对未得到开发，环境中 99% 以上的细菌尚未得到表征。烷烃降解细菌是研究微生物生物多样性的示例模型系统，从环境修复和工业生物催化的角度来看，具有工业相关性的额外好处：烷烃降解细菌在石油的生物降解中很活跃，它们的烷烃氧化酶在进行手性转化方面很有价值药学相关性。独特的烷烃降解细菌已从海洋、极地地区、土壤和污染地点分离出来。最近根据分离出的具有降解烷烃能力的生物体描述了许多新属和新种。吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国是世界上一个拥有多种栖息地的地区，包括高山沙漠、永久积雪的山脉、重盐碱土、苏联时代遗留的石油和重金属污染场地、农田、山林和溪流、原始山谷和一个大型（长 100 英里，宽 40 英里）轻度咸水高山湖泊（伊塞克湖）。尚未系统地检查这些环境中微生物的多样性。本提案旨在探索吉尔吉斯共和国烷烃降解细菌的微生物多样性，旨在寻找和表征吉尔吉斯共和国不同生境特有的细菌和烷烃羟化酶基因。将采用分子生态学方法，使用各种方法来检查直接从环境和富集培养物中提取的 DNA。将使用 16S rRNA 基因作为生物标志物监测微生物多样性，并使用二铁和细胞色素 P450 烷烃单加氧酶基因作为目标检查烷烃降解多样性。该提案汇集了吉尔吉斯共和国土壤微生物学科学家和罗格斯大学的教师，他们在分解代谢途径的分子表征方面拥有丰富的经验。烷烃等燃料碳氢化合物是环境中常见的污染物。接触这些化合物会影响人类的健康和福祉。在发展中国家和吉尔吉斯共和国等偏远国家，对参与这些化学品修复的微生物及其分子生态学的了解在决定这些和其他有毒化合物的环境命运方面发挥着重要作用。通过这项拟议研究的互动活动，将提高吉尔吉斯共和国人民对污染危害的公众认识。