Combustion of plastic waste and human health effects in Guatemala

危地马拉塑料废物燃烧对人类健康的影响

• 批准号: 10211779
• 负责人: Eri Saikawa
• 金额: $ 53.36万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-18 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10211779
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adoption; Adult; Age; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Antimony; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Biological Markers; Biological Monitoring; Burn injury; Carbon Black; Central America; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Child; Cluster randomized trial; Collaborations; Communities; Cookstove; Country; Developing Countries; Disadvantaged; Effectiveness; Endocrine; Environmental Hazards; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Fostering; Future; Gases; Goals; Guatemala; Health; Health Hazards; Household; Household Air Pollution; Human; Incineration; Income; India; Indoor Air Pollution; Infrastructure; International; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intervention Trial; Lead; Low income; Maintenance; Measurable; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motivation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Particulate Matter; Peru; Petroleum; Pilot Projects; Plastics; Policies; Population; Pregnant Women; Public Health; Randomized; Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance; Refuse Disposal; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rural; Rwanda; Smoke; Time; Tracer; Urine; Waste Management; Woman; Wood material; Work; air monitoring; ambient air pollution; base; behavior change wheel; combustion product; community engaged research; cooking; dissemination research; fine particles; health related quality of life; implementation fidelity; implementation framework; implementation research; implementation science; improved; innovation; intervention program; low and middle-income countries; low income country; member; mortality; neurodevelopment; phthalates; pollutant; premature; programs; reproductive; reproductive function; response; scale up; social; solid fuel; trial design; uptake; urinary; volatile organic compound; wasting; working group

Project Abstract Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion is a major contributor to poor ambient air pollution and health. Global efforts to address HAP in low- and middle-income countries have focused on provision of clean cookstoves. Household waste burning, especially of plastics, is a major, but unaddressed environmental and health hazard in countries that lack infrastructure to properly dispose of waste. In rural Guatemala, 95% of households use solid fuels for cooking and 71% burn waste as the primary means of disposal. Burning plastic releases bisphenols and phthalates, which may disrupt neurodevelopment, endocrine, and reproductive function. No studies have examined biomarkers of exposure to chemicals in women of reproductive age who are disproportionately exposed to airborne burning plastic, likely at higher levels than in high-income countries. There are no emissions estimates of air pollutants from plastic waste incineration in Central America. This proposal will implement community working groups that will improve air quality by reducing household plastic waste burning, reduce exposure, and improve health-related quality of life in women of reproductive age. Using a randomized cluster trial design, we will randomize 20 rural villages (10 intervention; 10 control) in Jalapa, Guatemala and randomly select 400 women of reproductive age (20 in each village) who report burning plastic trash as a primary form of waste disposal to participate in urine biomonitoring and personal air monitoring. In 10 intervention villages, we will invite community members to participate in 12-week working groups to implement alternatives to burning plastic and determine achievable interventions over the subsequent 9 months. We will use the Behavior Change Wheel and RE-AIM, two implementation science frameworks, and a mixed-methods approach, to refine, implement, and evaluate community-initiated interventions that address plastic waste. We will assess opportunities, capabilities and motivations that determine behaviors, as well as the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation fidelity, maintenance and sustainability of interventions. At baseline, 4 and 12 months, we will measure personal exposures to fine particulate matter and black carbon, and urinary biomarkers of exposure (e.g., bisphenols, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds) in 400 women of reproductive age (15-44 years). We will use filter-based antimony and 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene, known tracers of plastic incineration, to quantify emissions estimates of air pollutants due to plastic burning. Based on plastic waste reductions in intervention villages, we will assess regional impacts of pollutant emissions reduction, using a 3D chemical transport model. This is the first study to use an implementation science approach to implement and evaluate fidelity to intervention strategies to reduce plastic waste burning. Our findings will be incorporated into community-driven public health actions with policymakers to develop programs in other local contexts. This project has direct benefit not only to those residing in Guatemala, but also in other areas where open waste burning contributes to air pollutants both regionally and globally.

项目摘要 固体燃料燃烧产生的家庭空气污染 (HAP) 是造成不良环境空气污染和 健康。全球解决低收入和中等收入国家 HAP 问题的努力重点是提供清洁能源 炉灶。家庭垃圾焚烧，尤其是塑料垃圾焚烧，是一个主要但尚未得到解决的环境和问题问题。 缺乏适当处置废物基础设施的国家的健康危害。在危地马拉农村地区，95% 家庭使用固体燃料做饭，71% 的家庭将焚烧废物作为主要处理方式。燃烧的塑料 释放双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐，可能会破坏神经发育、内分泌和生殖功能。 没有研究检查育龄妇女接触化学物质的生物标志物，这些妇女 不成比例地接触空气中燃烧的塑料，其水平可能高于高收入国家。那里 没有对中美洲塑料废物焚烧造成的空气污染物的排放量进行估算。该提案将 成立社区工作组，通过减少家庭塑料垃圾燃烧来改善空气质量， 减少暴露，并改善育龄妇女与健康相关的生活质量。使用随机 整群试验设计，我们将随机分组危地马拉哈拉帕的 20 个村庄（10 个干预；10 个对照） 随机选择 400 名育龄妇女（每个村庄 20 名），她们报告以焚烧塑料垃圾为主要活动 以废物处理的形式参与尿液生物监测和个人空气监测。在10次干预中 我们将邀请社区成员参加为期 12 周的工作组以实施替代方案 燃烧塑料并确定在接下来的 9 个月内可实现的干预措施。我们将使用 行为改变轮和 RE-AIM，两个实施科学框架和混合方法， 完善、实施和评估社区发起的解决塑料废物的干预措施。我们将评估 决定行为的机会、能力和动机，以及影响范围、有效性、 干预措施的采用、实施保真度、维护和可持续性。在基线、4 个月和 12 个月时， 我们将测量个人对细颗粒物和黑碳的暴露情况，以及尿液生物标志物 接触（例如双酚、邻苯二甲酸盐、多环芳烃和挥发性有机化合物） 400 名育龄妇女（15-44 岁）。我们将使用基于过滤的锑和 1,3,5-三苯基苯， 已知的塑料焚烧示踪剂，用于量化塑料燃烧造成的空气污染物的排放估算。 根据干预村塑料垃圾的减少量，我们将评估污染物排放的区域影响 使用 3D 化学传输模型进行还原。这是第一项使用实施科学方法的研究 实施和评估减少塑料废物燃烧的干预策略的忠诚度。我们的研究结果将是 与政策制定者一起纳入社区驱动的公共卫生行动，以在其他地方制定计划 上下文。该项目不仅使危地马拉居民直接受益，也使其他地区受益。 露天焚烧废物会造成区域和全球空气污染。