Mixed methods research to increase engagement and smoking abstinence among African Americans enrolled in Quitline text messaging services

混合方法研究，以提高使用戒烟热线短信服务的非裔美国人的参与度和戒烟率

• 批准号: 10371417
• 负责人: Sophia I. Allen
• 金额: $ 17.87万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10371417
• 关键词: Abstinence; Academic Medical Centers; Address; Adult; African American; African American population; Award; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Black Populations; Black race; Cancer Etiology; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Clinical Research; Communities; Consumption; Counseling; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Disease; Ecological momentary assessment; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Equipment; Funding Agency; Goals; Health Technology; Individual; Intervention; Interview; K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Life Expectancy; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Minority Groups; Mobile Health Application; Monitor; Moods; Motivation; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nicotine Dependence; Participant; Pennsylvania; Perception; Persons; Pharmacotherapy; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Support; Research Training; Resources; Risk; Services; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Cessation Intervention; Smoking Status; Socioeconomic Status; Technology; Text Messaging; Time; Tobacco; Translating; adaptive intervention; career; career development; cigarette smoking; design; disorder later incidence prevention; disparity reduction; evidence base; experience; follow-up; health disparity; improved; mHealth; nicotine replacement; pilot test; post-doctoral training; premature; preventive intervention; programs; quitline; racial minority; secondary analysis; service engagement; skills; smoking abstinence; smoking cessation; social culture; social determinants; social health determinants; social influence; substance use; therapy design; tobacco regulatory science; varenicline

Project Summary/Abstract Cigarettes are used by over 34 million U.S. adults and cause more than 480,000 deaths annually due to smoking and smoke exposure. Despite smoking at similar rates and consuming less cigarettes per day, African Americans are more likely to die from several tobacco-caused cancers compared to Whites. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of premature death and adds years to life expectancy; however, a disparity exists in annual quit rates between African Americans and Whites (4.9% vs. 7.1%). This disparity is due to several social determinants. Thus, it is critical to investigate scalable, evidence-based strategies to increase smoking cessation among African Americans. African Americans are twice as likely to use quitlines compared to Whites. However, little is known about the impact of mHealth interventions among African Americans using quitlines. In preliminary studies conducted by Penn State investigators, we found that automated text messaging was feasible for monitoring smoking status and providing smoking cessation support. However, these studies were not designed to assess the impact of interventions in minority populations. A recent study compared engagement and abstinence rates between Black and White smokers in a national texting cessation program and found that Blacks were just as likely as Whites to enroll and remain in the program; yet Blacks were less likely to respond to abstinence assessments and report cessation. Few studies have focused on the behaviors and perceptions of quitline texting services among African Americans. The current project proposes to assess data from the Pennsylvania quitline to inform a tailored mHealth smoking cessation intervention. The overall goal of this Mentored Career Development Award (K01) is to build on the candidate’s advanced postdoctoral training by developing her expertise to investigate and alleviate disparities in tobacco-related disease for racial minorities through the use of technology interventions. Career development objectives are to develop expertise in: 1) mHealth applications for smoking cessation, 2) qualitative data analysis, and 3) clinical research skills in ecological momentary assessment. The central hypothesis is that social determinants will explain differences in smoking abstinence between African Americans and White smokers using technology as a cessation aid. The specific aims for this study will be to 1) conduct a secondary analysis of the PA quitline texting program data and provide an overview of service engagement and smoking rates during enrollment and at 6-month follow-up; 2) to conduct qualitative interviews with African Americans who enrolled in the PA quitline texting program to better understand the factors that serve as barriers to engagement and abstinence; 3) To conduct a pilot EMA study to inform a tailored mHealth smoking cessation intervention for African Americans. The research environment is an academic medical center with the facilities, technology, resources, and advanced equipment to support the research and training proposed in this award.

项目概要/摘要 超过 3400 万美国成年人吸食香烟，每年因吸烟导致超过 48 万人死亡 尽管吸烟率相似且每天吸烟量较少，但非洲人吸烟和接触烟雾的情况却不同。 与戒烟的白人相比，美国人更有可能死于多种烟草引起的癌症。 降低过早死亡的风险并延长预期寿命，但每年的预期寿命存在差异； 非裔美国人和白人之间的戒烟率（4.9% 对比 7.1%） 这种差异是由几个社会因素造成的。 因此，研究可扩展的、基于证据的策略来增加吸烟至关重要。 非裔美国人使用戒烟热线的可能性是非裔美国人的两倍。 然而，人们对移动医疗干预措施对非裔美国人的影响知之甚少。 在宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究人员进行的初步研究中，我们发现自动文本。 消息传递对于监测吸烟状况和提供戒烟支持是可行的。 这些研究并非旨在评估干预措施对少数群体的影响。 比较了全国戒烟中黑人和白人吸烟者的参与率和戒烟率 计划，发现黑人与白人一样有可能加入并留在该计划中； 很少有研究关注戒烟评估并报告戒烟。 非裔美国人对戒烟热线短信服务的行为和看法 当前的项目提案。 评估宾夕法尼亚州戒烟热线的数据，为量身定制的移动健康戒烟干预措施提供信息。 该指导性职业发展奖（K01）的总体目标是建立在候选人的先进水平之上 通过发展她的专业知识来调查和减轻烟草相关方面的差异进行博士后培训 通过使用技术干预来治疗少数族裔疾病的职业发展目标是。 培养以下方面的专业知识：1) 戒烟的移动医疗应用，2) 定性数据分析，以及 3) 临床 生态瞬时评估的研究技能的中心假设是社会决定因素将。 使用技术解释非裔美国人和白人吸烟者之间戒烟的差异 本研究的具体目标是 1) 对 PA 戒烟热线进行二次分析。 短信计划数据并提供注册期间服务参与度和吸烟率的概述 6 个月的随访；2) 对参加 PA 戒烟热线的非裔美国人进行定性访谈 短信计划，以更好地了解阻碍参与和禁欲的因素 3) 进行一项 EMA 试点研究，为非裔美国人量身定制 mHealth 戒烟干预措施提供信息。 研究环境是一个学术医疗中心，拥有设施、技术、资源和 支持该奖项提出的研究和培训的先进设备。