Minimal Standards of Adequacy: A History of Health Care in US Prisons

充分性的最低标准：美国监狱医疗保健的历史

• 批准号: 10360920
• 负责人: Jessica L. Adler
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-04 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10360920
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Abuse Reporting; Advocate; American Medical Association; American Public Health Association; Archives; Attention; Books; COVID-19; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Caring; Chronic; Civil Rights; Communities; Complex; Conceptions; Constitutional; Country; Data; Development; Ethics; Face; Gambling; Government; Group Meetings; Health; Health Policy; Health Services; Healthcare; Healthcare Systems; Hepatitis C; Hospitals; Imprisonment; Institution; Interdisciplinary Study; Jail; Justice; Legal; Length; Letters; Literature; Medical; Medical Research; Medicine; Mental disorders; Modernization; Movement; Nature; Peer Review; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Plant Roots; Policies; Policy Analysis; Policy Maker; Population; Prisons; Privatization; Professional Organizations; Public Health; Published Comment; Publishing; Reader; Reading; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Subjects; Review Literature; Rights; Science; Service provision; Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Shapes; Source; Statutes and Laws; Time; Tuberculosis; United States; Variant; Woman; Work; World War II; base; court; diaries; expectation; experience; health care availability; health disparity; improved; insight; marginalized population; men; news; programs; social movement; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY The disproportionate impact of covid-19 in U.S. jails and prisons offers stark evidence of a reality rooted in history: the incarceration of more than two million people constitutes a public health catastrophe. Mass incarceration threatens the well-being of communities and exacerbates health disparities. Inside of prisons, incarcerated people face a variety of health challenges. They are more likely to have HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, and an array of common sexually transmitted diseases than their non- incarcerated counterparts; over 40 percent of people in prisons have a chronic condition. Peer-reviewed literature, news reports, and legal claims provide evidence of egregious shortfalls in prison medical services. As increasing evidence emerges demonstrating that prison health care is inadequate, there remains no comprehensive study of how this overwhelming contemporary health policy and humanitarian crisis arose. Minimal Standards of Adequacy: A History of Health Care in U.S. Prisons explores how incarcerated people, medical and corrections professionals, reformers, policy makers, and the courts defined and perceived prison medical services during the past century. Building upon path-breaking work about the health consequences of incarceration, about the history of prisons, and about how incarcerated people endured and resisted being abused and exploited as medical research subjects, the book explores questions related to so-called routine medical care. It begins in the 1920s and 1930s, when state-level court cases and federal legislation related to prison hospitals highlighted confounding questions about health-related rights and governmental obligations in carceral institutions. It explores the amorphous standards that influenced prison-based care in the post-World War II years, and how incarcerated men and women experienced medical services. Minimal Standards also assesses prison health activism, paying special attention to its connection with the civil rights movement, and the 1976 Supreme Court case, Estelle v. Gamble, which, building on state-level lawsuits, helped establish that people in prisons have a constitutional right to health care. It shows that, in the wake of Estelle, professional organizations like the American Medical Association and American Public Health Association articulated standards for service provision even as prisons became more prevalent, more bureaucratized, more privatized, and more openly punitive. The book ends with the recognition that more than forty years after Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens maintained that the government must “provide the persons in its custody with a health care system which meets minimal standards of adequacy,” major legal and ethical questions regarding the medical rights of incarcerated people – and reports of abuses of those rights – abound. Based on rigorous research in national, state, and local archives, Minimal Standards offers insights about legal, medical, policy, and prison history, and perspective on the roots of a modern public health calamity.

项目概要 covid-19 对美国监狱和监狱的不成比例的影响提供了现实的鲜明证据 根源在于历史：超过 200 万人被监禁构成了一场公共卫生灾难。 大规模监禁威胁着社区的福祉并加剧了内部的健康差距。 监狱中的被监禁者面临各种健康挑战，他们更有可能感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病， 丙型肝炎、结核病以及一系列常见的性传播疾病比它们非 监禁积分；超过 40% 的囚犯患有慢性病。 文献、新闻报道和法律主张提供了监狱药品严重短缺的证据 随着越来越多的证据表明监狱医疗保健不足， 对于这一压倒性的当代卫生政策和人道主义如何 危机出现了。《充分性的最低标准：美国监狱医疗保健的历史》探讨了如何做到这一点。 被监禁者、医疗和惩戒专业人员、改革者、政策制定者和法院 建立在过去一个世纪的开创性工作的基础上定义和感知的监狱医疗服务。 关于监禁对健康的影响、监狱的历史以及监禁方式 本书探讨了人们作为医学研究对象忍受并抵制被虐待和剥削的情况 与所谓的常规医疗保健相关的问题始于 20 年代和 1930 年代，当时是国家级的。 与监狱医院相关的法庭案件和联邦立法凸显了令人困惑的问题 它探讨了监狱机构中与健康相关的权利和政府义务。 二战后影响监狱护理的标准，以及被监禁的男子如何 最低标准还评估了监狱卫生活动， 特别关注它与民权运动以及1976年最高法院的联系 埃斯特尔诉甘布尔案 (Estelle v. Gamble)，该案以州级诉讼为基础，帮助确定监狱中的人 拥有宪法规定的医疗保健权 这表明，在埃斯特尔之后，专业组织。 例如美国医学会和美国公共卫生协会制定的标准 即使监狱变得更加普遍、更加官僚化、更加私有化和 这本书的结尾承认，最高法院四十多年后。 约翰·保罗·史蒂文斯法官坚持认为，政府必须“向被其拘留的人提供 符合最低充分标准的医疗保健系统”，主要的法律和道德问题 关于被监禁者的医疗权利以及侵犯这些权利的报告比比皆是。 基于对国家、州和地方档案的严格研究，《最低标准》提供了以下见解： 法律、医学、政策和监狱历史，以及对现代公共卫生灾难根源的看法。