Emerging Water Contaminants: Investigating and Mitigating Exposures and Health Risks

新出现的水污染物：调查并减轻暴露和健康风险

• 批准号: 10361885
• 负责人: VASILIS VASILIOU
• 金额: $ 188.29万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-07 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10361885
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Affect; American; Animal Model; Animals; Attention; Biological; Biological Markers; Biomedical Research; Carcinogens; Chemicals; Classification; Communication; Communities; Community Health Education; Consumption; Data; Detection; Development; Dioxanes; Education; Ensure; Environment; Environmental Engineering technology; Environmental Pollution; Environmental Science; Ethylene Dichlorides; Evaluation; Exposure to; Fostering; Foundations; Fright; Future; Genetic; Goals; Health; Health Status; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Hepatotoxicity; Human; Incidence; Industrialization; International Agency for Research on Cancer; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Liver; Long Island; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Mus; Notification; Occupations; Physiological; Population; Process; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Technics; Research Training; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Rivers; Science; Scientist; Signal Recognition Particle; Site; Solvents; Superfund; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Toxicology; Training; Training Programs; Translational Research; Trichloroethanes; Trichloroethylene; Water; Water Pollutants; Water Purification; Water Supply; Zebrafish; base; carcinogenicity; community engagement; contaminated drinking water; cost effective; drinking water; epidemiology study; exposed human population; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; novel; oxidation; programs; public drinking; public health priorities; response; sensor; superfund site; wasting

OVERALL SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The Yale Superfund Research and Training Program (YSRTP) is driven by regulatory and community-based concerns about emerging contaminants that affect water resources and drinking water supplies at multiple sites in the US. The YSRTP has chosen to study 1,4-dioxane (1,4-DX) because of its common occurrence in Superfund sites and drinking water supplies, and its USEPA and IARC classification as a possible human carcinogen. The carcinogenic mechanism in the liver is unknown and its interaction with co-occurring and carcinogenic water contaminants (1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, and 1,1-dichloroethane) has never been evaluated in either animals or humans. Given that liver cancer incidence rates have more than tripled since 1980, there is an urgent need to evaluate whether emerging water contaminants, such as 1,4-DX, may be contributing to this increase. Importantly, a lack of biomarkers of exposure to or the biological effects of 1,4 -DX have hampered epidemiologic studies, risk assessment and setting standards for the contaminant. In addition, the high polarity and low biodegradability of 1,4-DX restrict the ability to remove it from aquifer systems or drinking water. Indeed, available treatment technology is both expensive and not readily applied to water supplies. The YSRTP will foster problem-based, solution-oriented research related to 1,4-DX and its co-occurring contaminants through innovative approaches to evaluate environmental occurrence and human exposure, understand the underlying basis of adverse health effects, provide cost-effective remedial mitigation solutions and ultimately set the stage for improved regulation of this emerging contaminant. The YSRTP will carry out highly interactive projects to: (a) examine the health effects and biomarkers of exposure/effect to 1,4-DX (alone and as a mixture with its co-occurring contaminants) in animal models and humans, and (b) develop systems to monitor and mitigate human exposure to 1,4-DX in water. The biomedical science research projects will elucidate the mechanism(s) associated with 1,4-DX liver toxicity and carcinogenesis in mouse and zebrafish models (project 1), and exposure assessment and early biologic responses to 1,4-DX in human populations (project 2). The environmental science and engineering research projects will create highly-sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for on-site, real-time detection of 1,4-DX (project 3) and develop innovative advanced oxidation processes for mitigation technology (project 4). Successful completion of these innovative studies will make a significant positive health impact by more clearly defining the health risks of 1,4-DX, elucidating biomarkers of exposure, and establishing effective new ways to monitor and mitigate this important emerging contaminant. Our systems approach integrates and links the research projects with the development of effective communication and education of stakeholders, and training of future scientists to ensure the program has a far- reaching impact on how emerging contaminants are addressed both in the US and globally.

总体总结/摘要 耶鲁大学超级基金研究和培训计划 (YSRTP) 由监管和社区驱动 对影响多个地点水资源和饮用水供应的新兴污染物的担忧 在美国。 YSRTP 选择研究 1,4-二恶烷 (1,4-DX)，因为它常见于 超级基金地点和饮用水供应，及其 USEPA 和 IARC 分类为可能的人类 致癌物质。肝脏的致癌机制尚不清楚，其与同时发生和发生的相互作用 致癌水污染物（1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烯和1,1-二氯乙烷） 从未在动物或人类身上进行过评估。鉴于肝癌发病率增加了两倍多 自 1980 年以来，迫切需要评估新出现的水污染物（例如 1,4-DX）是否可能被 为这一增长做出了贡献。重要的是，缺乏 1,4 -DX 暴露或生物效应的生物标志物 阻碍了污染物的流行病学研究、风险评估和标准制定。此外， 1,4-DX 的高极性和低生物降解性限制了将其从含水层系统中去除的能力或 饮用水。事实上，现有的处理技术既昂贵又不易应用于水处理 补给品。 YSRTP 将促进与 1,4-DX 及其同时发生相关的以问题为基础、以解决方案为导向的研究 通过创新方法评估环境发生和人类接触污染物， 了解不良健康影响的根本原因，提供具有成本效益的补救缓解解决方案 并最终为改善这种新兴污染物的监管奠定基础。 YSRTP将开展 高度互动的项目旨在：(a) 检查 1,4-DX 暴露/影响的健康影响和生物标志物（单独 以及作为与其共存污染物的混合物）在动物模型和人类中，以及（b）开发系统 监测并减少人类对水中 1,4-DX 的暴露。生物医学科学研究项目将阐明 小鼠和斑马鱼模型中与 1,4-DX 肝毒性和致癌相关的机制 （项目 1），以及人群对 1,4-DX 的暴露评估和早期生物反应（项目 2）。 环境科学与工程研究项目将创造高度敏感和选择性的 用于现场、实时检测 1,4-DX 的电化学传感器（项目 3）并开发创新的先进技术 缓解技术的氧化过程（项目4）。成功完成这些创新研究将 通过更明确地定义 1,4-DX 的健康风险、阐明对健康产生重大积极影响 暴露的生物标志物，并建立有效的新方法来监测和减轻这一重要的新兴现象 污染物。我们的系统方法将研究项目与有效的开发相结合并联系起来 利益相关者的沟通和教育，以及未来科学家的培训，以确保该计划具有深远的影响 对美国和全球如何解决新兴污染物产生影响。