Informing ENDS policies: Studying the impact of e-cigarette warnings on behavior

告知 ENDS 政策：研究电子烟警告对行为的影响

• 批准号: 10192691
• 负责人: Noel Todd Brewer
• 金额: $ 47.69万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10192691
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Age; Attention; Behavior; Bisexual; Cancer Etiology; Cigarette; Communication; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Electronic cigarette; Evaluation; Frequencies; Gays; Goals; Image; Label; Lesbian; Low income; Modeling; Motivation; Nicotine Dependence; Outcome; Participant; Policies; Predisposition; Probability Samples; Protocols documentation; Randomized; Research; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Social Interaction; Subgroup; Surveys; Testing; Text; Thinking; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vulnerable Populations; Work; arm; authority; cancer prevention; combustible cigarette; e-cigarette cessation; electronic cigarette use; electronic cigarette user; evidence base; experimental study; follow-up; hazard; innovation; negative affect; response; risk perception; smoking cessation; smoking initiation; tobacco products; vaping; young adult

ABSTRACT The US now requires e-cigarette packaging and advertising to have a single warning about nicotine addiction. FDA has the authority to require additional e-cigarette warnings and has stated that a single e-cigarette warning could “grow stale over time.” No data are available on whether the current or other e-cigarette warnings affect vaping or undermine the motivation to quit smoking combustible cigarettes. Furthermore, little data are available on how and for whom e-cigarette warnings work, including among vulnerable populations. Ideally, e-cigarette warnings would discourage vaping initiation among non-users, reduce vaping among e- cigarette-only users, and support dual-users eventually quitting use of tobacco products. We propose to study the impact of the current e-cigarette warning and inform development of appropriate new warnings. In Aim 1, we will develop new e-cigarette warnings using data from 3 large surveys. We aim to create warnings that e-cigarette users endorse as being effective and that do not cause unintended consequences among adolescents, young adults, and adults, especially dual users. This evaluation will include the current US e-cigarette warning statement about nicotine addiction. The main product of Aim 1 will be the selection of warnings for use in the Aim 2 RCT. In Aim 2, we will evaluate the impact of e-cigarette warnings on vaping in an RCT. Young adult and adult e-cigarette users will receive 4 new warnings affixed to their e-cigarette devices and refills during the 4-week study, allocated in a random order. We will assess whether the e-cigarette warnings increase e-cigarette quit attempts and examine whether the warnings impact varies for dual users, vulnerable populations (young adult; low-income; and gay, lesbian, and bisexual [GLB] e- cigarette users). We will also examine whether the warnings increase Tobacco Warnings Model (TWM) antecedents to quitting in the context of e-cigarettes. The main product of Aim 2 will be an estimate of the impact of e-cigarette warnings on vaping, and an understanding of which TWM antecedents to behavior explain the impact. Finally, in Aim 3, we will examine whether e-cigarette warnings push e-cigarette users toward smoking. We will examine the impact of e-cigarette warnings on motivation to not smoke (defined as cigarette quit intentions among dual users, and susceptibility to smoke among e-cigarette only users), smoking behavior and inaccurate risk perceptions. We will examine if warnings' impact varies for vulnerable groups and warning size. The final product of Aim 3 will be an estimate of the impact of warnings on unintended consequences, including pushing people toward smoking. Across the three aims, we will develop generalizable principles on how to maximize the impact of e-cigarette warnings without pushing dual users toward smoking. Our findings will create an evidence base that can inform development of effective e-cigarette warnings, warnings and advertising policy in the US and globally, and other nicotine addiction and cancer prevention communication and countermarketing campaigns.

抽象的 美国现在要求电子烟包装和广告上有关于尼古丁成瘾的单一警告。 FDA 有权要求额外的电子烟警告，并表示单一电子烟 警告可能“随着时间的推移而变得陈旧”。目前还没有关于当前电子烟或其他电子烟是否有效的数据。 此外，警告几乎不会影响吸烟或削弱戒烟的动机。 有关电子烟警告如何以及针对谁发挥作用的数据，包括针对弱势群体的数据。 理想情况下，电子烟警告将阻止非使用者吸电子烟，减少电子烟使用者吸电子烟。 只吸香烟的人，并支持双重使用者最终戒掉烟草产品。 研究当前电子烟警告的影响，并为开发适当的新产品提供信息 在目标 1 中，我们将利用 3 项大型调查的数据制定新的电子烟警告。 创建电子烟用户认可的有效且不会引起意外的警告 该评估将包括对青少年、年轻人和成年人，特别是双重使用者的影响。 目前美国电子烟关于尼古丁成瘾的警告声明Aim 1的主要产品将是。 选择在目标 2 随机对照试验中使用的警告语 在目标 2 中，我们将评估电子烟的影响。 一项 RCT 中有关电子烟的警告 年轻成人和成年电子烟使用者将收到 4 条新警告。 我们将在为期 4 周的研究中随机分配他们的电子烟装置和补充装。 电子烟警告是否会增加电子烟戒烟尝试并检查警告是否会影响 对于双重用户、弱势群体（年轻人、低收入人群、男同性恋、女同性恋和双性恋 [GLB] e- 我们还将检查警告是否增加烟草警告模型（TWM）。 目标 2 的主要产品将是对电子烟戒烟前因的估计。 电子烟警告对电子烟的影响，以及了解 TWM 行为的前因 最后，在目标3中，我们将研究电子烟警告是否会推动电子烟。 我们将研究电子烟警告对不吸烟动机的影响。 （定义为双重使用者的戒烟意愿，以及仅电子烟的吸烟易感性 用户）、吸烟行为和不准确的风险认知，我们将检查警告的影响是否有所不同。 目标 3 的最终结果将是对警告影响的估计。 意想不到的后果，包括促使人们吸烟。我们将制定这三个目标。 关于如何在不推动双重用户的情况下最大限度地发挥电子烟警告影响的通用原则 我们的研究结果将为有效电子烟的开发提供基础证据。 美国和全球的警告、警告和广告政策，以及其他尼古丁成瘾和癌症 预防沟通和反营销活动。