Virtual Transportation as a Strategy to Reduce Resistance to Cigarette and e-Cigarette Graphic Health Warnings in Adolescents and Young Adults

虚拟交通作为减少青少年对香烟和电子烟抵抗力的策略图形健康警告

基本信息

批准号：
9763350
负责人：
HART BLANTON
金额：
$ 35.19万
依托单位：
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9763350
关键词：
3-Dimensional Address Adolescent Adolescent and Young Adult Adult Age American Antismoking Behavior Cigarette Cognitive Communication Computers Data Aggregation Drunk driving Electronic cigarette Environment Environmental Tobacco Smoke Evaluation Feeling Future Health Health Campaign Health Communication Health Promotion Health education Immersion Investigative Technique Individual Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Lead Mediating Methods Modeling Nicotine Dependence Persons Phase Play Population Probability Samples Public Health Randomized Recommendation Reporting Research Research Personnel Resistance Risk Risk Reduction Sampling Smoke Smoker Smoking Smoking Prevention Surveys Testing Time Tobacco use Training and Education Transportation Video Games Work World Health Youth base cigarette smoking cognitive load court design efficacy testing electronic cigarette use experience high risk high-risk adolescents novel psychologic social social media statistics tool virtual virtual reality willingness young adult

项目摘要

Most adult smokers initiate tobacco use before age 18, with considerable increases in initiation and the highest rates of use observed between the ages of 18 and 29. Although conventional cigarette use is declining somewhat, use of e-cigarettes that can promote future nicotine addiction is on the rise, particularly for youth. These statistics speak to the need to identify new methods of delivering messages designed to reduce both cigarette and e-cigarette (e-cig) use to younger Americans (i.e., adolescents and young adults). One promising approach involves delivery of graphic health warnings that communicate the risks associated with these products. The proposed research explores delivery of graphic health warnings from within virtual gaming environments. Previous research indicates that videogames can be used effectively to deliver smoking- prevention messages, but past efforts have focused on videogames designed around health-education themes (what are called “serious” games). With surveys indicating that 97% of adolescents and 80% of young adults play videogames for entertainment, use of entertainment videogames as a tool for delivering graphic warnings has tremendous potential to influence youth cigarette and e-cig rates. However, before such an approach can be pursued, researchers need to better understand health communication dynamics in computer-mediated, virtual gaming worlds. The current project addresses this need and tests the viability of The Virtual Transportation Model of Health Communication. This model posits that, as gamers become psychologically immersed (or “transported”) into virtual reality, their tendency to resist persuasive messages they encounter in these worlds is disrupted. The model further posits that such disruption will typically be strongest among individuals who are most likely to resist or reject “real-world” interventions. Support for predictions comes from pilot research conducted by our research team. In this research, graphic health warnings against alcohol- impaired driving and cigarette smoking were embedded in background scenes of entertaining, interactive 3D virtual gaming worlds. Such messages were shown to reduce willingness to engage in these behaviors in the future, particularly among higher-risk individuals who reported feeling psychologically “transported” during game play. The proposed research will build on this work by testing the viability of videogame-based interventions. In Phase 1 (Years 1 & 2) we will refine two existing videogames and develop two new ones while simultaneously empirically evaluating the best methods of delivering in-game health communications and the mechanisms by which transportation heightens in-game influence. In Phase 2 (Years 3 & 4), we will conduct randomized field trials of game-based interventions with two groups, a probability sample of adolescents (13 – 18) and an at-risk sample of young adults (18 – 24). In Phase 3 (Year 5) we will aggregate data across studies to create helath campaign recommendations and to launch an interactive gaming server that will permit broad distribution of empirically validated games, for use by independent health communication researchers.

大多数成年吸烟者在 18 岁之前开始吸烟，并且开始吸烟的人数显着增加，最高 18 至 29 岁之间观察到的使用率。尽管传统香烟的使用量正在下降一些人认为，电子烟的使用可能会导致未来的尼古丁成瘾，尤其是对于年轻人来说。这些统计数据表明需要确定新的消息传递方法，以减少香烟和电子烟（e-cig）对年轻美国人（即青少年和年轻人）的使用有希望。该方法涉及提供图形健康警告，传达与这些相关的风险拟议的研究探讨了在虚拟游戏中提供图形健康警告。先前的研究表明，电子游戏可以有效地缓解吸烟环境。预防信息，但过去的努力主要集中在围绕健康教育主题设计的视频游戏上（所谓的“严肃”游戏）调查表明 97% 的青少年和 80% 的年轻人喜欢玩。玩视频游戏用于娱乐，使用娱乐视频游戏作为提供图形警告的工具具有影响青少年卷烟和电子烟消费率的巨大潜力，但这种方法还没有实现。为了追求这一目标，研究人员需要更好地了解计算机介导的健康传播动态，当前的项目满足了这一需求并测试了虚拟的可行性。健康沟通的运输模型该模型定位为，随着游戏玩家的心理变得更加健康。沉浸（或“传送”）到虚拟现实中，他们倾向于抵制在虚拟现实中遇到的有说服力的信息该模型进一步假设，这种破坏通常是其中最强的。最有可能抵制或拒绝“现实世界”干预的个人来自对预测的支持。我们的研究团队进行了试点研究，针对酒精的图形健康警告。不良驾驶和吸烟被嵌入到娱乐性互动 3D 背景场景中研究表明，此类信息会降低人们在虚拟游戏世界中参与这些行为的意愿。未来，特别是在高风险人群中，他们报告称在这段时间内感到心理“转移” 拟议的研究将通过测试基于视频游戏的可行性来建立在这项工作的基础上。在第一阶段（第一年和第二年），我们将完善两个现有的视频游戏并开发两个新游戏。同时根据经验评估提供游戏内健康沟通的最佳方法以及在第 2 阶段（第 3 年和第 4 年），我们将采取交通增强游戏影响力的机制。对两组进行基于游戏的干预措施的随机现场试验，青少年的概率样本（13 – 18）和高危年轻人样本（18-24）在第 3 阶段（第 5 年），我们将汇总各个研究的数据。创建健康活动建议并启动交互式游戏服务器，该服务器将允许广泛的分发经经验验证的游戏，供独立健康传播研究人员使用。