Investigating the neural systems supporting memory-based decision-making

研究支持基于记忆的决策的神经系统

• 批准号: 9755234
• 负责人: Avinash Rao Vaidya
• 金额: $ 6.16万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9755234
• 关键词: Affect; Apple; Area; Avena sativa; Behavior; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Bread; Categories; Cheese; Code; Costs and Benefits; Data; Decision Making; Eating; Environment; Episodic memory; Face; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Impairment; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Light; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Participant; Pathology; Pattern; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Punishment; Research; Retrieval; Rewards; Role; Sampling; Scheme; Semantics; Slice; Stimulus; Structure; Support System; System; Taste Perception; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Update; Work; Yogurt; base; cognitive neuroscience; design; experience; experimental study; flexibility; healthy aging; insight; nervous system disorder; neural network; neuroimaging; novel; preference; programs; relating to nervous system

Project summary Structured world knowledge plays a central role during decision-making in many settings. For example, when choosing ingredients for a sandwich, most people with reasonable experience eating this kind of food are able to make choices that will increase the expected value of the final product. This kind of decision relies on schema-level information about the value of items in this context that has been abstracted over multiple experiences over the course of a lifetime. In contrast, other decisions rely on value information that was learned during a particular episodic experience: For example, remembering the pleasant taste of a particular sandwich topping from last week. Despite the centrality of these kinds of choice problems in real life, little is known about the neural systems involved in sampling and evaluating such information during decision-making. These different forms of memory depend on distinct regions of the brain, and damage or pathology within these areas could relate to specific forms of decision-making impairment in neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this proposal is to test the involvement of different neural systems in sampling schematic and episodic memory in support value-based decision-making. I hypothesize that two partially overlapping neural systems support sampling memory for value information, and describe two functional neuroimaging experiments that test this hypothesis. The first experiment tests the functional contributions of a few key brain regions in sampling episodic and schematic memory for value information. By explicitly crossing the need for schema-level information and expected value, this experiment can disentangle the involvement of different brain areas in these processes. The second experiment will use representational similarity analysis to test how the brain organizes different categories of stimuli based on their expected value in different contexts. This experiment will examine how such contextual information is used to dynamically determine the values of stimuli. These experiments test key questions at the understudied intersection of value-based decision-making and declarative memory. My hope is that this research will shed new light on the interaction of memory and decision-making systems that may given insight into how decisions are made in ecological settings, with meaningful translational implications to understanding the role of memory impairments in decision behavior.

项目概要 结构化的世界知识在许多领域的决策过程中发挥着核心作用 设置。例如，在选择三明治的原料时，大多数人都会合理选择 吃过这种食物的人能够做出会增加预期的选择 最终产品的价值。这种决策依赖于有关 在这种情况下，通过多次经验抽象出的项目的价值 一生的历程。相反，其他决策依赖于学到的价值信息 在特定的情景经历中：例如，记住某种东西的令人愉快的味道 上周的特殊三明治配料。尽管这些选择占据中心地位 对于现实生活中的问题，人们对参与采样和处理的神经系统知之甚少。 在决策过程中评估此类信息。这些不同形式的记忆取决于 大脑的不同区域，这些区域内的损伤或病理可能与 神经退行性疾病中特定形式的决策障碍。此举的目的 建议是测试不同神经系统在采样示意图和过程中的参与情况 情景记忆支持基于价值的决策。我假设两个部分 重叠神经系统支持对价值信息进行采样记忆，并描述了两种 功能性神经影像实验验证了这一假设。第一个实验测试的是 一些关键大脑区域在情景记忆和图式记忆采样中的功能贡献 获取价值信息。通过明确地跨越对模式级信息的需求和 期望值，这个实验可以理清不同大脑区域的参与 这些过程。第二个实验将使用代表性相似性分析来测试 大脑如何根据刺激的预期值来组织不同类别的刺激 不同的背景。该实验将研究如何使用此类上下文信息 动态确定刺激值。这些实验测试了关键问题 未充分研究基于价值的决策和陈述性记忆的交叉点。我的希望是 这项研究将为记忆与决策的相互作用提供新的线索 可以深入了解如何在生态环境中做出决策的系统 对理解记忆障碍的作用具有有意义的转化意义 决策行为。