Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cooperation in Animal-Bacterial Symbioses

阐明动物-细菌共生合作的分子机制

• 批准号: 10711795
• 负责人: Elizabeth A. Heath-Heckman
• 金额: $ 38.11万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-08 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10711795
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Bacteria; Biological Models; Candidate Disease Gene; Cells; Ensure; Euprymna scolopes; Hawaiian; Health; Human; Lead; Life; Maintenance; Microbe; Molecular; Newts; Predatory Behavior; Production; Site; Skin; Symbiosis; System; Tarichas; Techniques; Vibrio fischeri; Work; microbial; microbiome; mutualism; skin microbiome; symbiont

PROJECT SUMMARY Most, if not all, animals form beneficial symbioses with bacteria and live in contact with these microbes for the majority of their lives. Understanding the mechanisms by which animals associate with their symbionts is important to human health as we maintain consortia of benefical bacteria at multiple body sites such as the gut and skin. While both partners ultimately benefit from mutualistic interactions, hosts and symbionts both need to maintain mechanisms by which they can ensure cooperation by their partner, also called “sanctioning”. While sanctioning of symbionts is a widespread phenomenon, it can be difficult to study due to the large number and diversity of microbial species present in many interactions and the accessibility of symbiotic interfaces within the host. The proposed work will determine the molecular determinants of sanctioning in two different model systems: The Hawaiian Bobtail Squid Euprymna scolopes and its symbiont Vibrio fischeri, and the skin microbiome of the newt Taricha granulosa. Both of these associations are defensive mutualisms where the symbiont provides a product to the host that enables the host to escape predation. We will leverage the tractability and accessibility of these systems, as well as techniques that we have already developed, to answer crucial questions pertaining to sanctioning. First, we will determine how the host detects symbiotic currency, the first step in some sanctioning efforts, through candidate gene and unbiased approaches. Second, we will define the mechanisms by which hosts sanction symbionts by determining which cells and molecules lead to sanctioning and how they influence bacterial symbionts. Overall, this work will determine the molecular mechanisms that allow animal hosts to ensure the production of valuable symbiotic currency by their symbionts, filling a major gap in our understanding of how mutualistic associations are maintained over the life of an animal.

项目摘要 大多数（如果不是全部）动物形成细菌的有益符号，并与之接触 微生物一生的大部分时间。了解动物的机制 与他们的符号联系起来对人类健康很重要，因为我们保持 在肠道和皮肤等多个身体部位的有益细菌。虽然两个合作伙伴最终 相互互动，主机和共生体都需要通过 他们可以确保伴侣的合作，也称为“制裁”。同时制裁 象征意义是一种广泛的现象，由于数量很大，可能很难研究 许多相互作用中存在的微生物物种的多样性以及共生的可及性 主机内的接口。 拟议的工作将确定在两个不同的不同的分子决定者 模型系统：夏威夷尾巴鱿鱼Euprymna scolopes及其象征性颤音 Fischeri和Newt Taricha Granulosa的皮肤微生物组。这两个关联都是 防御性互助，符号为主机提供产品的产品提供了主机 逃避捕食。我们还将利用这些系统的易处理性和可访问性 作为我们已经开发的技术，以回答有关的关键问题 制裁。首先，我们将确定主机如何检测共生货币，第一步 通过候选基因和无偏见的方法制裁了一些制裁。第二，我们会的 定义通过确定哪些单元和哪些细胞和 分子导致制裁以及它们如何影响细菌符号。 总体而言，这项工作将确定允许动物宿主确保的分子机制 他们的共生体生产有价值的共生货币，填补了我们的主要空白 了解如何在动物的生活中维持相互关系。