Neurodevelopmental Processes of Social Cognition in Anorexia Nervosa and Autism

神经性厌食症和自闭症社会认知的神经发育过程

• 批准号: 7151005
• 负责人: NANCY L ZUCKER
• 金额: $ 18.59万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7151005
• 关键词: anorexia nervosa; autism; behavior test; clinical research; eye movements; frontal lobe /cortex; functional magnetic resonance imaging; interview; isolation /deprivation; mental disorder diagnosis; mood disorders; neural information processing; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; parent offspring interaction; psychosocial separation; questionnaires; starvation; stimulus /response; videotape /videodisc; anorexia nervosa; autism; behavior test; clinical research; eye movements; frontal lobe /cortex; functional magnetic resonance imaging; interview; isolation /deprivation; mental disorder diagnosis; mood disorders; neural information processing; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; parent offspring interaction; psychosocial separation; questionnaires; starvation; stimulus /response; videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Death by suicide occurs in a disproportionate percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), with a standardized mortality ratio indicating a 57 fold greater risk of death from suicide relative to an age-matched cohort. These shocking statistics speak to the incapacitating, perplexing, and isolating nature of AN, a severe psychiatric illness that negatively impacts the biological, emotional, and psychosocial functioning of both the affected individual and her or his family. Longitudinal studies indicate impaired social functioning increases risk for fatal outcomes. Social impairment persists and affects quality of life even after recovery. Despite this knowledge, very little is known about social information processing in AN. Careful study of social cognition in AN may elucidate impaired processes that may influence outcome and therapeutic efficacy: difficulty forming therapeutic alliances, disturbances in body image, impaired empathy, and dearth of secure attachments. Symptoms of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), particularly in cognitive domains that impact social cognition, are overrepresented in individuals with chronic AN and persist after recovery. In contrast, eating disturbances in ASD are widely acknowledged, but are seldom the topic of systematic inquiry. Relative to AN, social information processing in ASD is well characterized and may help to inform the characterization of these domains in AN. The goals of this investigation are: 1) to provide a detailed characterization of the behavioral, visual, and neurocognitive processes that subserve social information processing in AN; 2) to differentiate the contribution of low weight status on these deficits by characterizing changes over the course of illness, 3) to compare the neurocircuitry of social cognition in relation to females with high functioning autism; and 4) to develop a new paradigm for assessing social information processing during parent and child interactions across emotionally valanced conditions. We will achieve these goals using a battery of neuropsychological and social cognitive measures, fMRI while viewing dynamic facial affective stimuli, and eye-tracking while viewing social information processing tasks. Sophisticated methodologies that characterize the cognitive processes that underlie social information processing deficits and map onto functional neurocircuits may greatly enhance our knowledge of the pathophysiology of AN and may open new avenues for effective treatment development.

描述（由申请人提供）：自杀死亡发生在神经性厌食症（AN）的个体中的比例不成比例，其标准化死亡率比表明自杀相对于年龄匹配的队列的死亡风险更大。这些令人震惊的统计数据表明，AN的丧失能力，困惑和孤立的性质，一种严重的精神病，对受影响的个体以及她或他或他或他或他的家人的生物学，情感和心理社会功能产生负面影响。纵向研究表明，社会功能受损会增加致命结局的风险。即使康复后，社会障碍仍然存在并影响生活质量。尽管有这些知识，但对AN中的社会信息处理知之甚少。仔细研究可能影响结果和治疗效力的可能受损过程中的社会认知：在形成治疗联盟，身体形象的障碍，同理心受损和安全依恋的缺乏的困难。自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的症状，特别是在影响社会认知的认知领域中，在康复后患有慢性AN和持续存在的个体中的症状过多。相比之下，ASD中的饮食障碍是广泛认可的，但很少是系统询问的话题。相对于AS中的AN社会信息处理，ASD中的社会信息处理的特征很好，可能有助于告知AN中这些领域的特征。这项调查的目标是：1）提供详细的表征，以详细描述AN中的社会信息处理的行为，视觉和神经认知过程； 2）通过表征疾病过程中的变化来区分低体重状况对这些缺陷的贡献，3）比较与具有高功能自闭症的女性有关的社会认知神经循环。 4）开发一个新的范式，用于评估跨情感瓣膜条件的父母和子女互动期间的社会信息处理。我们将使用一系列神经心理学和社会认知措施，fMRI来实现这些目标，同时查看动态的面部情感刺激以及在查看社会信息处理任务的同时，并引人注目。具有社会信息处理缺陷并将其映射到功能性神经通路的认知过程表征的复杂方法可能会大大增强我们对AN的病理生理学的了解，并可能为有效治疗发展开辟新的途径。