Neural coding of interneuron populations in the retina

视网膜中间神经元群的神经编码

基本信息

批准号：
9189613
负责人：
STEPHEN A BACCUS
金额：
$ 39.98万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-12-01 至 2019-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9189613
关键词：
Address Age related macular degeneration Amacrine Cells Anatomy Back Behavior Brain Cells Code Complex Disease Electrodes Eye Movements Goals Image Individual Interneurons Knowledge Measurement Measures Motion Neurons Optics Output Perception Physiological Physiology Play Population Population Heterogeneity Property Prosthesis Research Resolution Retina Retinal Retinal Diseases Retinal Ganglion Cells Retinitis Pigmentosa Role Sensory Shapes Signal Transduction Stimulus Synapses System Testing Variant Vision Visual Visual Motion Work cell type experimental study ganglion cell inhibitory neuron luminance neural circuit novel novel strategies optical imaging photoreceptor degeneration public health relevance receptive field relating to nervous system response retinal prosthesis sensory input statistics therapy design visual information visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Like many neural circuits of the brain, the retina is composed of a network of cells with greatly varying anatomical and physiological properties. The most diverse types of cells, both in the retina and cortex, are inhibitory interneurons. Retina amacrine cells comprise over thirty types and influence the responses of ganglion cells, the output cells of the retina. Although the anatomy and physiology of amacrine cells have long been studied, there is little understanding as to whether they have specific and distinct roles, rather than each serving a similar, general function. A substantial barrier to the understanding of inhibitory interneurons has been technical limitations on studying single cells among a diverse population. This proposal seeks to characterize the population of inhibitory amacrine cells using a novel approach to optically record the visual responses of the amacrine cell population while simultaneously recording populations of ganglion cells using an electrode array. This project focuses on responses to moving visual stimuli, which are ecologically important and critical to behavior and perception. The first aim of this proposal will measure the responses of a nearly complete amacrine population to moving stimuli and compare these with simultaneously recorded responses in the ganglion cell population. By measuring the similarity in responses between amacrine and ganglion cell populations, these experiments will test the hypothesis that amacrine cells are divided into two broad classes: one that resembles the more simple bipolar cell representation and one that is more tightly correlated with specific retinal ganglion cells. Te second aim of this proposal uses optical imaging and simultaneous intracellular and multielectrode recording to test the hypothesis that amacrine cells inhibit ganglion cells that the are correlated with under visual motion, despite the wide variation of preferred visual stimuli across amacrine cells. Finally, the third aim of this proposal will take advantage of our novel approach of directly perturbing individual interneurons intracellularly to test whether many types of amacrine cells act to reduce correlations in the ganglion cell population for different types of natural stimuli, thus creating an efficient representation of the visual scene. These studies will not only add to the knowledge of how an inhibitory population represents and transforms visual information, but will also test general principles applicable to all neural circuits. The results wll have immediate applicability to the emerging field of retinal prostheses. The objective of a retinal prosthesis system is to treat prevalent diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa by replacing the function of the damaged retina with a high-resolution electronic circuit. Measurements of the retinal neural code and the computations that are performed will be directly useful for incorporation into these prostheses systems.

描述（由申请人提供）：与大脑的许多神经回路一样，视网膜由解剖学和生理学特性差异很大的细胞网络组成。视网膜和皮质中最多样化的细胞类型是抑制性中间神经元。视网膜无长突细胞包括三十多种类型，影响神经节细胞（视网膜的输出细胞）的反应。尽管人们长期以来一直在研究无长突细胞的解剖学和生理学，但对于它们是否具有特定和独特的作用，而不是各自发挥相似的一般功能，人们知之甚少。严重阻碍了理解抑制性中间神经元一直是研究不同群体中单细胞的技术限制。该提案旨在使用一种新方法来表征抑制性无长突细胞群，以光学方式记录无长突细胞群的视觉反应，同时使用电极阵列记录神经节细胞群。该项目的重点是对移动视觉刺激的反应，这在生态上很重要，对行为和感知至关重要。该提案的第一个目标是测量几乎完整的无长突群体对移动刺激的反应，并将这些反应与神经节细胞群体中同时记录的反应进行比较。通过测量无长突细胞和神经节细胞群之间反应的相似性，这些实验将检验无长突细胞分为两大类的假设：一类类似于更简单的双极细胞表征，另一类与特定的视网膜神经节细胞更紧密相关。该提案的第二个目标是使用光学成像以及同时细胞内和多电极记录来测试无长突细胞抑制与视觉运动相关的神经节细胞的假设，尽管无长突细胞之间的首选视觉刺激存在很大差异。最后，该提案的第三个目标将利用我们在细胞内直接扰动单个中间神经元的新方法来测试多种类型的无长突细胞是否能够减少神经节细胞群中不同类型神经元的相关性。自然刺激，从而创建视觉场景的有效表示。这些研究将不仅增加了抑制群体如何表示和转换视觉信息的知识，而且还将测试适用于所有神经回路的一般原理。研究结果将立即适用于新兴的视网膜假体领域。视网膜假体系统的目标是通过用高分辨率电子电路替代受损视网膜的功能来治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性和色素性视网膜炎等常见疾病。视网膜神经代码的测量和执行的计算将直接用于合并到这些假体系统中。