Leptospirosis Transmission in the Peruvian Amazon

秘鲁亚马逊地区钩端螺旋体病的传播

• 批准号: 6750958
• 负责人: Joseph M. Vinetz
• 金额: $ 49.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6750958
• 关键词: Chiroptera; Marsupialia; Peru; Rodentias; Spirochaetales; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; cow; disease reservoirs; dogs; ecosystem; epidemiology; field study; geographic difference; geographic site; goats; human subject; international cooperation; longitudinal human study; sheep; spirochetes disease; swine; zoonosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is a zoonotic disease transmitted from natural reservoir mammalian hosts to humans. Humans contract leptospirosis through domestic, occupational and recreational activities, which bring them into contact with fresh surface water or wet soil contaminated by the urine of chronically infected mammalian reservoir hosts. It is precisely the ecological relationship between humans and reservoir hosts that leads to leptospirosis in humans. The major hypothesis underlying this project is that the transmission of leptospirosis to humans is substantially increased by both short and long- term anthropogenic influences on the environment. Two specific hypotheses will be tested: 1) Deforestation with resulting changes in land use (land cultivation, fish farming) that bring humans into closer contact with local mammalian fauna and increases in the amounts of surface waters, soil wetness, and changes in soil pH due to short-term weather fluctuations, will lead to an increase in human leptospirosis cases; and 2) Mammalian faunal populations will change due to deforestation and fluctuations in surface waters, including flooding, that will alter the dynamics of leptospirosis transmission. To address these hypotheses, three specific aims will be pursued: 1) Determine the incidence of acute leptospirosis in humans living in diverse biotopes in and near Iquitos, Peru, identify potential places where people are infected, and identify infecting leptospiral isolates to the serovar and molecular levels; 2) Determine the prevalence of leptospiral infection in potential mammalian reservoir hosts, both domestic and wild, in the Iquitos region, map the distribution of infected animals, and identify infecting leptospiral isolates to the serovar and molecular levels; and 3) Delineate the temporal and spatial relationship between anthropogenic environmental changes including deforestation, changes in land use patterns, and changes in mammalian faunal populations on the incidence of human leptospirosis cases. The data obtained from this project will provide insight into the potential of anthropogenic environment changes to alter the transmission of leptospirosis in the Peruvian Amazon. This multi-disciplinary, collaborative project involving Peruvian and U.S. investigators to study a disease of emerging importance in Peru utilizes a diverse set of disciplines (infectious disease epidemiology, mammalian ecology, public health, medical microbiology and molecular epidemiology , and the use of geographic information systems and remote sensing technologies) to answer ecological questions about leptospirosis with widespread general interest to many other fields.

描述（申请人提供）：钩端螺旋体病，由螺旋体引起 钩端螺旋体是一种自然储层传播的人畜共患病 哺乳动物托管人类。人类通过家庭感染钩端螺旋体病， 职业和娱乐活动，使他们与 慢性尿液污染的新鲜地表水或潮湿的土壤 被感染的哺乳动物储层宿主。正是生态 人类与储层宿主之间的关系，导致钩端螺旋体病 人类。该项目的主要假设是传输 短和长的钩端螺旋体病大大增加了 术语对环境的影响。两个特定的假设将 进行测试：1）森林砍伐，随之而来的土地使用变化（土地 耕种，养鱼），使人类与当地人更紧密接触 哺乳动物动物群，并增加地表水的量，土壤湿度， 并且由于短期天气波动而导致的土壤pH变化将导致 人钩端螺旋体病病例的增加； 2）哺乳动物的动物种群 由于地表水的森林砍伐和波动，包括 洪水，这将改变钩端螺旋体病的动态。到 解决这些假设，将追求三个具体目标：1）确定 生活在各种生物室中的人类中的急性钩端螺旋体病的发生率 在秘鲁的Iquitos附近，确定了被人们感染的潜在地方， 并确定在血清和分子的感染钩端螺旋形分离株 水平； 2）确定电势中钩端螺旋体感染的患病率 Iquitos地区的哺乳动物水库托管 感染动物的分布，并鉴定感染钩端螺旋体 分离到血清和分子水平； 3）描绘时间 和人为环境变化之间的空间关系 森林砍伐，土地利用模式的变化以及哺乳动物动物的变化 人类钩端螺旋体病病例的发生率。获得的数据 从这个项目中将洞悉人为的潜力 环境变化以改变秘鲁的钩端螺旋体病的传播 亚马逊。这个涉及秘鲁和的多学科协作项目 美国研究人员研究秘鲁的新兴疾病利用 一套多样化的学科（传染病流行病学，哺乳动物学 生态学，公共卫生，医学微生物学和分子流行病学以及 地理信息系统和遥感技术的使用） 回答有关钩端螺旋体病的生态问题，并普遍存在 许多其他领域的兴趣。