Neural Mechanisms of Grouping and Stimulus Selection

分组和刺激选择的神经机制

• 批准号: 6419843
• 负责人: JOHN H REYNOLDS
• 金额: $ 42.68万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6419843
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; attention; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; color visions; cues; human subject; mental disorder diagnosis; mental disorders; microelectrodes; motion perception; neural information processing; neurons; psychophysics; single cell analysis; space perception; visual cortex; visual fixation; visual perception

The long-range goal of this research is to understand the neural mechanisms of selective visual attention at the level of the individual neuron and the cortical circuit, and to determine how these mechanisms affect perception and behavior. The conceptual starting point is the observation that the brain is limited in the amount of visual information it can process at any moment in time. For instance, when observers are asked to identify the objects in a briefly presented scene, they become less accurate as the number of objects increases. The proposed research will use a combination of visual psychophysics and single-unit physiology to test two alternative explanations for this capacity limitation, and to investigate the neural mechanisms that enable the brain to select behaviorally relevant stimuli from among irrelevant distracters. Insights from the proposed research are expected to help in understanding, diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychological disorders in which attentional mechanisms fail, such as neglect, Balint's syndrome, ADHD, and attentional aspects of autism.

这项研究的长期目标是了解单个神经元和皮质回路水平上选择性视觉注意的神经机制，并确定这些机制如何影响感知和行为。概念出发点是观察到大脑在任何时刻可以处理的视觉信息量都是有限的。 例如，当观察者被要求识别简短呈现的场景中的物体时，随着物体数量的增加，他们的准确度会降低。 拟议的研究将结合视觉心理物理学和单单元生理学来测试这种能力限制的两种替代解释，并研究使大脑能够从不相关的干扰物中选择行为相关的刺激的神经机制。 拟议研究的见解预计将有助于理解、诊断和治疗注意力机制失效的神经心理疾病，例如忽视、巴林特综合症、多动症和自闭症的注意力方面。