Potential for mosquitoes in the United States to transmit Zika virus

美国的蚊子传播寨卡病毒的可能性

基本信息

批准号：
9248119
负责人：
Jason L Rasgon
金额：
$ 19.65万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-07-18 至 2018-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in the Zika forest of what is now Uganda. For many decades, Zika virus was of no major epidemiological concern, causing occasional small outbreaks in Africa and Southeast Asia with only a handful of human cases recorded. This changed in 2007, when the first outbreak outside of Africa or Asia occurred on the island of Yap in Micronesia with approximately 100-200 confirmed or suspected cases. Zika virus is no longer a mild infection limited to Africa and Asia – it has now been introduced to the western hemisphere, with autochthonous Zika transmission documented in Brazil since May 2015, in other countries in central and south America, and over 250 imported cases in the United States (as of March 2016). Due to newly observed associations with major birth defects, the World Health Organization has declared Zika a global emergency and is estimating approximately 3-4 million cases by the end of 2016. Similar to dengue and Chikungunya viruses, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is thought to be the primary vector for Zika virus. Aedes albopictus has also been demonstrated to be a highly competent vector in laboratory studies. However, Zika virus has been detected in over 25 species of mosquitoes from 5 genera. Although detecting virus in a mosquito is not proof of transmission, these studies emphasize our lack of knowledge about the transmission biology of this emergent pathogen. Some identified vector species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) are present in the United States and these vectors alone open the possibility of outbreaks and even local transmission in parts of the USA. If other native or established mosquito species are competent to transmit Zika, the virus could potentially move into the USA beyond areas currently colonized by aegypti and albopictus, similar to what was observed with the mosquito Culex tarsalis and the invasion of West Nile virus into the USA during the early 2000's. In this proposal, we will (1) investigate the potential for common, widespread mosquito species present in the United States to transmit Zika virus and (2) investigate geographic variation among Aedes albopictus populations to transmit Zika virus. Proactive knowledge about the potential role that North American mosquito fauna may play in the introduced epidemiology of Zika virus is absolutely critical for the development of efficient Zika virus control strategies and risk management policies in the USA.

寨卡病毒是一种由蚊子传播的黄病毒，最初是在现在的乌干达的寨卡森林中分离出来的。几十年来，寨卡病毒并未引起重大流行病学关注，只是偶尔引起小规模感染非洲和东南亚爆发疫情，仅有少数人类病例记录，这种情况发生了变化。 2007年，非洲或亚洲以外的第一次疫情爆发在密克罗尼西亚的雅浦岛大约有 100-200 例确诊或疑似病例，寨卡病毒不再是轻度感染。仅限于非洲和亚洲——现已引入西半球，自 2015 年 5 月以来，巴西记录到寨卡病毒本土传播，中部地区其他国家也有记录和南美洲，美国输入病例超过 250 例（截至 2016 年 3 月）。世界卫生组织宣布，新观察到的与主要出生缺陷的关联寨卡病毒已成为全球紧急情况，预计到 2016 年底约有 3-400 万例病例。对于登革热和基孔肯雅病毒，埃及伊蚊被认为是主要媒介白纹伊蚊也被证明是一种高效的寨卡病毒载体。然而，实验室研究已在来自 5 个国家的超过 25 种蚊子中检测到寨卡病毒。尽管在蚊子中检测到病毒并不能证明传播，但这些研究强调我们对这种新出现的病原体的传播生物学缺乏了解。媒介物种（白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊）存在于美国，并且这些仅病媒就有可能在美国部分地区爆发甚至局部传播。其他本地或定居的蚊子物种有能力传播寨卡病毒，该病毒可以可能会进入美国，超越目前埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的殖民地区，类似于跗库蚊和西尼罗河病毒入侵美国的观察结果在 2000 年代初，我们将 (1) 调查共同、广泛的潜力。美国存在的传播寨卡病毒的蚊子种类以及 (2) 调查地理白纹伊蚊种群之间传播寨卡病毒的变异。北美蚊子群在寨卡病毒流行病学中可能发挥的潜在作用病毒对于制定有效的寨卡病毒控制策略和风险绝对至关重要美国的管理政策。