The impact of stress on steroid hormones and cue reactivity in smokers and gamblers

压力对吸烟者和赌徒的类固醇激素和提示反应的影响

• 批准号: 8908317
• 负责人: Stephanie Wemm
• 金额: $ 2.86万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8908317
• 关键词: Abstinence; Acute; Addictive Behavior; Adrenal Glands; Affect; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Arousal; Attention; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Biological Process; Cigarette Smoker; Control Groups; Cues; Enzyme Immunoassay; Exposure to; FDA approved; Feeling; Galvanic Skin Response; Gambling; Heart Rate; Hormonal; Hormones; Hydrocortisone; Inorganic Sulfates; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Link; Liquid Chromatography; Literature; Measures; Mental Depression; Methods; Monitor; Motivation; Nature; Neurobiology; Nicotine Dependence; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Physiology; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Procedures; Process; Property; Reaction; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Salivary; Sampling; Severities; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Societies; Steroids; Stress; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Time; Unspecified or Sulfate Ion Sulfates; Visual; acute stress; addiction; adverse outcome; analog; base; biological adaptation to stress; biopsychosocial; cigarette smoking; cost; craving; cue reactivity; dehydroepiandrosterone; insight; interest; psychologic; public health relevance; response; social; steroid hormone; stress reactivity; stressor; tandem mass spectrometry

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Addictions, both substance and behavioral, have been conceptualized as having common biopsychosocial processes with different opportunistic expressions (Shaffer et al., 2004). Traditionally, substance use disorders have received significant attention in the literature due to presumed inherently addictive nature of the substance. In contrast, research has focused much less on behaviorally based addictions, such as gambling. Biological processes such as the hormonal response to stress, measured by cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and the ratio of the cortisol/DHEA, may underlie the disposition to develop an addictive disorder, regardless of whether it is a substance-based or a so-called behavioral addiction. The proposed study will be conducted with heavy smokers, problem scratch-off gamblers, and healthy controls to investigate the effect of an acute social stressor on reactivity to smoking or gambling cues. Subjective (urges, cravings) and physiological responses (skin conductance and heart rate) will be measured in response to smoking or gambling cues versus neutral cues, once under normal conditions and again after exposure a social stressor. Stress hormones (salivary cortisol and DHEA) will be measured repeatedly during the procedures. It is hypothesized that cigarette smokers and problem gamblers will display a similar cortisol response to the acute stressor in comparison to the control group. In addition, heavy smokers and problem gamblers will display similarly blunted cortisol responses to an acute stressor. In addition, cue reactivity in smokers and gamblers will increase following a stressor compared to non-stressed cue exposure. Finally, it is hypothesized that a higher baseline cortisol/DHEA ratio will predict higher subjective and physiological arousal to active cues and be associated with increased symptoms and more adverse consequences of addiction.

 描述（由申请人提供）：物质成瘾和行为成瘾被概念化为具有不同机会主义表达的共同生物心理社会过程（Shaffer 等人，2004）传统上，由于推测物质使用障碍在文献中受到了极大的关注。相比之下，研究较少关注基于行为的成瘾，例如赌博等生物过程，通过测量来衡量荷尔蒙对压力的反应。皮质醇、脱氢表雄酮 (DHEA) 以及皮质醇/DHEA 的比例可能是形成成瘾性疾病的基础，无论是基于物质的成瘾还是所谓的行为成瘾。重度吸烟者、问题赌徒和健康对照者，研究急性社会压力源对吸烟或赌博线索的主观反应（冲动、渴望）和生理反应（皮肤电导和心脏）的影响。在正常情况下，将根据吸烟或赌博线索与中性线索进行测量，并在暴露于社交压力源后再次测量压力荷尔蒙（唾液皮质醇和 DHEA）。吸烟者会被强奸。与对照组相比，重度吸烟者和问题赌徒会对急性压力源表现出类似的皮质醇反应。与非应激线索暴露相比，吸烟者和赌徒的线索反应性会增加。最后，较高的基线皮质醇/DHEA比率将预测较高的主观和生理唤醒。 积极的线索，并与成瘾症状的增加和更多不良后果相关。