SIRT6 and lysine fatty acylation in macrophage inflammation

SIRT6 和赖氨酸脂肪酰化在巨噬细胞炎症中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
9009646
负责人：
Hening Lin
金额：
$ 52.43万
依托单位：
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-02-01 至 2020-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9009646
关键词：
Acylation Adipose tissue Affect Binding Biological Models Biological Process Biology Cell Surface Receptors Cells Chemicals Cysteine DNA Data Deacetylation Development Diabetes Mellitus Disease Enzymes Epigenetic Process Event Fatty Acids Fibroblasts Foundations Gene Expression Genes Genetic Transcription Glycine Health Histone Deacetylase Histones Human In Vitro Inflammation Inflammatory Insulin Resistance Knock-out Knowledge Lysine Macrophage Activation Maps Mediating Metabolic Activation Metabolic Diseases Modification Molecular Mus N-terminal Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Nonesterified Fatty Acids Obesity Palmitates Pathogenesis Pathway interactions Patients Phenotype Physiology Play Post-Translational Protein Processing Prevention Prevention strategy Proteins Proteomics Role Saturated Fatty Acids Signal Transduction Site Solid System TNF gene Testing Transcriptional Regulation Work acyl group amidase base chromatin immunoprecipitation cytokine deep sequencing fatty acylation insight knock-down macrophage member myristoylation non-histone protein novel palmitoylation prevent protein function transcriptome sequencing treatment strategy

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Macrophage-induced inflammation is a key contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Palmitate, a saturated fatty acid whose concentration is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes, can promote macrophage inflammation and is an important factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms mediating palmitate-induced macrophage activation remain incompletely understood. Here we propose to test a novel hypothesis that changes in protein lysine fatty acylation, which is caused by increased free fatty acids, constitute an important mechanism for obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. We recently showed that palmitate can be internalization and used by cells for lysine (Lys) fatty acylation. We discovered that Lys fatty acylation is an abundant protein modification and identified human SIRT6 as the first robust enzyme to remove fatty acyl groups (such as myristoyl and palmitoyl groups) from protein Lys residues. SIRT6 is a member of class III Lys deacetylases (HDACs), or sirtuin (SIRT1-7), which are known to play an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our discovery of the efficient defatty-acylation activity of SIRT6 thus challenges a long-standing concept in the HDAC biology that classifies the enzymes as deacetylases. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that Lys fatty acylation and its reversal by SIRT6, at least in part, regulates the metabolic activation of macrophages. In this proposal, we will test this hypothesis by identifying the Lys fatty acylation substrates, in histones and non-histone proteins, and studying their biological functions in both fibroblast and macrophage cells. These studies will reveal key molecule players of Lys fatty acylation pathway in a model system (fibroblast cells) that has been widely used for studying fundamental biology. Our studies will also elucidate the mechanism by which Lys fatty acylation regulates the metabolic activation of macrophages, a cellular system that is physiologically relevant with inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. The knowledge gained from this study will likely have a broad impact on our understanding of histone deacetylases and will lay a foundation for studying Lys fatty acylation, a largely uncharacterized protein modification pathway. The mechanistic understanding of fatty acid-induced metabolic activation of macrophages will help to devise new treatment or preventative strategies for type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：巨噬细胞诱导的炎症是 2 型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗发展的关键因素，棕榈酸酯是一种饱和脂肪酸，其浓度在 2 型糖尿病患者中升高，可以促进巨噬细胞炎症，并且是一种胰岛素抵抗。然而，介导棕榈酸诱导巨噬细胞激活的分子机制仍不完全清楚，在此我们建议测试蛋白质赖氨酸脂肪变化的新假设。由游离脂肪酸增加引起的酰化是肥胖引起的 2 型糖尿病的重要机制，我们最近发现棕榈酸可以被细胞内化并用于赖氨酸 (Lys) 脂肪酰化。丰富的蛋白质修饰，并确定人类 SIRT6 是第一个从蛋白质 Lys 残基中去除脂肪酰基（例如肉豆蔻酰基和棕榈酰基）的强大酶。 III Lys 脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 或 Sirtuin (SIRT1-7)，已知在肥胖和 2 型糖尿病中发挥重要作用，因此我们对 SIRT6 有效脱脂酰化活性的发现挑战了长期以来的概念。 HDAC 生物学将酶分类为脱乙酰酶基于这些发现，我们发现赖氨酸脂肪酰化及其通过 SIRT6 的逆转至少在一定程度上调节代谢。在本提案中，我们将通过识别赖氨酸脂肪酰化来检验这一假设。组蛋白和非组蛋白中的底物，并研究它们在成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞中的生物学功能。这些研究将揭示模型系统（成纤维细胞）中赖氨酸脂肪酰化途径的关键分子参与者，该模型已广泛用于研究基本原理。我们的研究还将阐明赖氨酸脂肪酰化调节巨噬细胞代谢激活的机制，巨噬细胞是一种与炎症、肥胖和糖尿病生理相关的细胞系统。可能会对我们对组蛋白脱乙酰酶的理解产生广泛的影响，并将为研究赖氨酸脂肪酰化奠定基础，这是一种很大程度上未表征的蛋白质修饰途径。对脂肪酸诱导的巨噬细胞代谢激活的机制的理解将有助于设计新的治疗或预防措施。 2 型糖尿病和其他代谢性疾病的策略。