Self-nonself recognition and multicellularity in myxobacteria: Equipment supplement

粘细菌的自我非自我识别和多细胞性：设备补充

基本信息

批准号：
10798701
负责人：
DANIEL WALL
金额：
$ 2.47万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-05-01 至 2026-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10798701
关键词：
Address Alleles Animals Archaea Area Bacteria Bacterial Adhesins Behavior Behavioral Mechanisms Bioinformatics Biological Biology Biosensor Candidate Disease Gene Cell Communication Cell Cycle Cell Surface Receptors Cell physiology Cells Cellular Structures Cellularity Complex Computer Models Data Discrimination Elements Environment Equipment Exhibits Fruit Future Genes Genetic Genome Goals Homeostasis Horizontal Gene Transfer Immune system Immunity Individual Investigation Laboratories Life Life Style Lipids Liquid substance Mediating Membrane Membrane Fusion Methods Microscopy Monitor Movement Myxococcales Myxococcus xanthus Nonlytic Organ Organism Plants Play Population Process Prokaryotic Cells Property Proteins Reporter Research Resources Role Rotation Signal Transduction Pathway Social Behavior Social Discrimination Social outcome Source Specificity Starvation Surface System Tactile Testing Tissues Toxin Work antagonist aqueous cancer cell cell assembly cell behavior cell injury cell motility cellular development environmental stressor fitness gliding bacteria member model organism novel overexpression parent grant particle pathogen periplasm programs receptor release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm repaired response social social group trait transcriptome

项目摘要

Abstract (from parent grant R35GM140886) A fundamental question in biology is how individual cells within a multicellular organism recognize other cells as self to cooperatively function in tissues, organs and as whole individuals. To address this complex question, we study a relatively simple and experimentally trackable model organism, Myxococcus xanthus. Although a bacterium, M. xanthus exhibits many traits found in tissues and more complex multicellular species. One trait is multicellular development in response to starvation. Another trait, we discovered, is the ability of cells to distinguish between self and nonself for the exchange of cellular proteins and lipids. Recognition is mediated by a polymorphic cell surface receptor called TraA and its partner TraB. Only cells that bear identical or nearly identical TraA receptors engage by homotypic interactions. Social outcomes from this process, called outer membrane exchange (OME), vary depending on the properties of the interacting cells. In some cases, OME leads to cooperative interactions whereby healthy donors repair damaged cells by replenishing their cell components. In other cases, OME leads to antagonism when partnering cells are not clonal. Discrimination occurs by polymorphic toxin transfer to recipient cells that lack cognate immunity. Our future goals are multifaceted with respect to understanding OME and, more broadly, how cells recognize self and transition toward multicellularity. Over the next five years we will critically examine how OME leads to cooperativity. One area of investigation is how TraA/B directs emergent behaviors in populations that include synchronized and coordinated movements. This will be explored by monitoring global gene expression and how TraA/B interacts with a signal transduction pathway that controls motility. Cell synchronization is being studied with a biosensor the monitors’ calcium fluxes in cells. Other approaches will probe how M. xanthus responds and adapts to environmental stresses, whereby those adaptations are transferred to naïve populations by OME. A second area of research addresses how myxobacteria rapidly diverge into different social groups in natural environments. Our preliminary findings indicate that horizontal gene transfer by non-lytic transducing particles mediate population divergence by carrying polymorphic genes involved in social discrimination. A third focus area will elucidate the mechanism of OME thought to involve outer membrane fusion. Finally, we will explore new mechanisms of self-recognition and its role in multicellular life.

摘要（来自家长补助金 R35GM140886）生物学中的一个基本问题是多细胞生物体中的单个细胞如何将其他细胞视为自我，在组织、器官和整个个体中协同发挥作用。为了解决这个复杂的问题，我们研究了一个相对简单且可通过实验追踪的方法模型生物，黄色粘球菌（Myxococcus xanthus）虽然是一种细菌，但黄色粘球菌（Myxococcus xanthus）表现出许多特征。存在于组织和更复杂的多细胞物种中，其中一个特征是多细胞发育。我们发现，响应饥饿的另一个特征是细胞的区分能力。自我和非自我之间的细胞蛋白质和脂质的交换是介导的。由称为 TraA 的多态性细胞表面受体及其伴侣 TraB 承担的唯一细胞。相同或几乎相同的 TraA 受体通过同型相互作用参与。这个过程称为外膜交换（OME），根据膜的性质而变化在某些情况下，OME 会导致细胞之间的合作性相互作用，从而保持健康。在其他情况下，OME 会导致捐赠者通过补充细胞成分来修复受损细胞。当配对细胞不是克隆时，多态性毒素会产生拮抗作用。转移至缺乏同源免疫的受体细胞。我们未来的目标是多方面的，包括了解 OME，以及更广泛地说，如何细胞识别自我并向多细胞过渡。批判性地研究 OME 如何导致合作性。调查的一个领域是 TraA/B 如何实现。指导人群中的紧急行为，包括同步和协调这将通过监测全球基因表达以及 TraA/B 如何进行探索。与控制细胞运动同步的信号转导途径相互作用。使用生物传感器研究监测细胞中的钙通量。 M. xanthus 对环境压力做出反应并适应，这些适应是通过 OME 转移到幼稚人群中的第二个研究领域是如何解决粘细菌问题的。我们的初步发现迅速分化为自然环境中的不同社会群体。表明非裂解性转导颗粒的水平基因转移介导群体第三个重点领域是携带涉及社会歧视的多态基因。我们将阐明 OME 的机制，认为涉及外膜融合。探索自我识别的新机制及其在多细胞生命中的作用。