Neurocognitive mechanisms of task representation reorganization during task learning

任务学习过程中任务表征重组的神经认知机制

基本信息

批准号：
10705760
负责人：
Jiefeng Jiang
金额：
$ 53.39万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-16 至 2027-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10705760
关键词：
Acceleration Adaptive Behaviors Affect Animals Artificial Intelligence Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain imaging Clinical Cognitive Collection Complex Data Disease Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Hippocampus Human Human Characteristics Intelligence Knowledge Learning Link Maps Measures Memory Mental disorders Methods Modeling Neurocognitive Participant Patients Pattern Performance Process Psyche structure Quality of life Research Response to stimulus physiology Retrieval Role Schizophrenia Shapes Specific qualifier value Statistical Data Interpretation Structure Support System System Task Performances Testing Thinking Work cognitive control data visualization executive function experience experimental study flexibility improved information processing insight intelligent agent learning ability long term memory member neural neuroimaging procedural memory programs relational memory response young adult

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Humans possess extraordinary flexibility in our behavior: Given the same environmental input, we can act differently depending on our goals and the context. For example, when facing the same data, we can process them differently depending on our goals (e.g., visualize the data to obtain a figure, perform statistical analysis to test a prediction, or even delete the data if the goal is to free storage space). To date, research on this topic has focused on how such flexible behavior is implemented via cognitive control, which is a set of cognitive mechanisms supporting goal-directed and top-down modulation on information processing in the brain. In other words, much research has been conducted to study how a task is executed. However, less is known about where such task knowledge is from, that is, the mnemonic mechanisms that encode, reinforce, and generalize the neural representations of task knowledge. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to fully understand human intelligence, as the remarkable abilities of learning and retaining task knowledge promptly and efficiently distinguish humans from other animals and artificial intelligent agents and make us adaptive to this ever-changing world. Furthermore, filling the knowledge gap of how we learn and remember task knowledge is also key to understand, detect and treat task learning deficits that are common in mental disorders such as schizophrenia and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this project, we will focus on the hippocampus, a central brain structure for learning and memory. To achieve the objective of uncovering the hippocampal contributions to task learning, six experiments are proposed using a combination of behavioral methods and human functional magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, Aim 1 will identify hippocampal contribution to constructing a task representation by assembling task information and experiences to build a task model. Aim 2 will identify how the hippocampus encodes a new task representation into a memory network of existing representations. Aim 3 will identify how the hippocampus reshapes existing task representations when they become associated with other tasks via compositional relations. This work is expected to identify how the human hippocampus constructs key content of task representations (Aim 1) and organizes multiple task representations in relation to each other (Aim 2 and 3). These findings will further our understanding of how the hippocampus contributes to task learning, cognitive control and adaptive behavior. This work will also have clinical impact in bridging the gap between hippocampal abnormality and task learning deficits, which were separately observed in mental disorders such as schizophrenia and ADHD. Ultimately, this work will have a broad impact in helping detect and treat task learning deficits.

项目概要/摘要人类的行为具有非凡的灵活性：在相同的环境输入下，我们可以采取行动根据我们的目标和环境而有所不同。例如，当面对相同的数据时，我们可以处理根据我们的目标，它们会有所不同（例如，可视化数据以获得图形、执行统计分析测试预测，或者甚至删除数据（如果目标是释放存储空间）。迄今为止，该主题的研究重点关注如何通过认知控制来实现这种灵活的行为，认知控制是一组认知控制支持大脑信息处理的目标导向和自上而下的调节机制。在其他方面换句话说，已经进行了大量研究来研究任务是如何执行的。然而，人们知之甚少这些任务知识从何而来，即编码、强化和概括的助记机制任务知识的神经表征。了解这些机制对于充分理解人类智力，即迅速学习和保留任务知识的卓越能力有效地将人类与其他动物和人工智能体区分开来，并使我们适应这一点不断变化的世界。此外，填补我们如何学习和记忆任务知识的知识空白是也是理解、检测和治疗精神障碍中常见的任务学习缺陷的关键，例如精神分裂症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。在这个项目中，我们将重点关注海马体，大脑中负责学习和记忆的结构。为达到揭秘的目的海马体对任务学习的贡献，提出了六个实验结合行为方法和人体功能磁共振成像。具体来说，目标 1 将识别海马体通过收集任务信息和经验来构建任务表示任务模型。目标 2 将确定海马体如何将新的任务表征编码到记忆中现有代表网络。目标 3 将确定海马体如何重塑现有任务当它们通过组合关系与其他任务相关联时的表示。这部作品是期望确定人类海马体如何构建任务表征的关键内容（目标 1）以及组织多个相互关联的任务表示（目标 2 和 3）。这些发现将进一步推动我们了解海马体如何促进任务学习、认知控制和适应性行为。这项工作还将对弥合海马异常和任务学习之间的差距产生临床影响缺陷，在精神分裂症和多动症等精神障碍中分别观察到。最终，这工作将对帮助发现和治疗任务学习缺陷产生广泛影响。