Project 3: Impact of tumor genetics on PDAC immunobiology and responses to macrophage-targeted immunotherapy

项目 3：肿瘤遗传学对 PDAC 免疫生物学的影响以及对巨噬细胞靶向免疫治疗的反应

• 批准号: 10704089
• 负责人: EDGAR G. ENGLEMAN
• 金额: $ 42.16万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10704089
• 关键词: Affect; Agonist; Antibodies; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Automobile Driving; Base Composition; Biological Assay; CDKN2A gene; Cell Line; Cells; Complement; DNA Sequence Alteration; Data; Development; Disease Progression; Duct (organ) structure; Ductal Epithelial Cell; Environment; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Exhibits; Frequencies; Genetic; Genetically Engineered Mouse; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Growth; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunobiology; Immunologics; Immunotherapy; KRAS2 gene; Lesion; Ligands; MADH4 gene; Macrophage; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of pancreas; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Mutation; Organism; Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; Pancreatic duct; Pattern recognition receptor; Property; Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR; Resistance; Role; Shapes; Signal Pathway; Specimen; System; T-Cell Activation; T-Lymphocyte; TP53 gene; Testing; Therapeutic; Transplantation; Treatment Efficacy; Tumor Promotion; Tumor-Derived; Tumor-associated macrophages; Tumor-infiltrating immune cells; Variant; Work; analytical tool; antitumor effect; cancer cell; cell type; cytokine; driver mutation; effective therapy; exome sequencing; high dimensionality; immune cell infiltrate; immune checkpoint blockade; immune function; immunoregulation; improved; molecular subtypes; mouse dectin-2; mouse model; mutational status; neoplastic cell; neutralizing antibody; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model; patient population; pharmacologic; programs; receptor; recruit; response; single-cell RNA sequencing; targeted treatment; therapy resistant; transplant model; treatment response; tumor; tumor growth; tumor microenvironment

ABSTRACT (Project 3) Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an aggressive malignancy that is poorly responsive to treatment, is characterized by a prominent infiltration of immune cells. In particular, macrophages are abundant within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC and contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. However, the factors affecting the recruitment and distribution of immune cells, including macrophages, in PDAC remain largely unknown. Recently, our collaborators in Project 1 found that tumors differing in their Trp53 status exhibited different immune profiles. Our collaborators further observed that the cell type of origin (acinar or ductal) influenced the tumor molecular subtype (classical or basal-like), which is also known to be shaped by the immune composition of the tumor. We postulate that somatic alterations in cancer cells, the cell type of origin, and tumor molecular subtype influence the immune landscape within the TME and throughout the host during PDAC progression. To test this hypothesis, we will determine immune cell frequency, distribution, and function in the TME and throughout the host using high-dimensional analytical tools (CODEX and CyTOF) on genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of PDAC that vary in their driver mutations and cell type of origin (developed by Project 1). Additionally, we will use molecular methods to identify immunomodulatory factors regulating immune cell recruitment in the context of different genetic mutations and cell type of origin, and we will use genetic, pharmacological, and neutralizing antibody-based approaches to confirm the functional effects of these factors in driving PDAC progression. Importantly, we will validate findings from these studies in human PDAC specimens and in cell lines derived from human pancreatic ductal cells. Finally, we recently found that the pattern recognition receptor, Dectin-2, is expressed on tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs) in an aggressive, transplantable model of PDAC. Notably, administration of natural Dectin-2 ligands induces sustained PDAC regression in a T-cell dependent manner by reprogramming immunosuppressive TAMs into immunostimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We hypothesize that PDAC can be effectively treated by reprogramming Dectin-2+ TAMs into immunostimulatory APCs. We will treat autochthonous tumors arising in the GEMMs developed by Project 1 with Dectin-2 ligands to test this hypothesis. Furthermore, to identify mechanisms by which Dectin-2 stimulation is therapeutically efficacious, we will use CODEX and CyTOF to observe changes to the immune landscape occurring within the TME and throughout the host upon treatment. Molecular approaches will be used to identify immunomodulatory factors responsible for mediating therapeutic efficacy. Together, these studies will improve our understanding of how the immune system is altered during PDAC development in the context of variation in genetic mutations, cell type of origin, and molecular subtype, and in response to TAM reprogramming.

摘要（项目3） 胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC），一种侵略性恶性肿瘤，对治疗反应不佳， 以免疫细胞的明显浸润为特征。特别是，巨噬细胞在 PDAC中的肿瘤微环境（TME），有助于疾病进展和抗药性。 但是，影响免疫细胞募集和分布的因素，包括巨噬细胞， PDAC在很大程度上仍然未知。最近，我们在项目1中的合作者发现，肿瘤的肿瘤不同 TRP53状态表现出不同的免疫特征。我们的合作者进一步观察到了原产的细胞类型 （腺泡或导管）影响肿瘤分子亚型（经典或基底样），也已知为 由肿瘤的免疫组成形成。我们假设癌细胞中的体细胞改变，细胞 起源类型和肿瘤分子亚型影响TME内部和整个TME内的免疫景观 PDAC进展过程中的宿主。为了检验该假设，我们将确定免疫细胞频率， 使用高维分析工具（codex）在TME和整个主机中的分布和功能 在驱动器突变中不同的PDAC的基因工程鼠标模型（GEMM）上 和单元格产生（项目1开发）。此外，我们将使用分子方法来识别 在不同的基因突变和 细胞类型的起源，我们将使用基于遗传，药理和中和基于抗体的方法 确认这些因素在驱动PDAC进程中的功能效应。重要的是，我们将验证 这些研究的发现在人类PDAC标本和源自人胰管的细胞系中 细胞。最后，我们最近发现，模式识别受体Dectin-2在肿瘤上表达 PDAC的侵略性，可移植模型中的相关巨噬细胞（TAM）。值得注意的是，管理 天然Dectin-2配体通过重新编程以T细胞依赖性的方式诱导持续的PDAC回归 免疫抑制性TAM中的免疫刺激性抗原细胞（APC）。我们假设这一点 可以通过将Dectin-2+ TAM重编程为免疫刺激性APC来有效治疗PDAC。我们将 治疗项目1与Dectin-2配体开发的宝石中产生的自毒性肿瘤对此进行测试 假设。此外，要确定dectin-2刺激在治疗上有效的机制， 我们将使用Codex和Cytof观察TME内发生的免疫景观的变化 在整个宿主的治疗过程中。分子方法将用于识别免疫调节因子 负责介导治疗功效。这些研究将共同​​提高我们对 在基因突变，细胞变化的背景下，PDAC发育过程中的免疫系统会改变 原点类型和分子亚型，以及响应TAM重编程。