Neighborhood, social connectedness, and allostatic load in US Chinese immigrants

美国华人移民的邻里关系、社会联系和动态负荷

• 批准号: 10651070
• 负责人: Carolyn Y. Fang
• 金额: $ 59.74万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH INST OF FOX CHASE CAN CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-16 至 2027-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10651070
• 关键词: Acculturation; Address; Affect; African; Anthropometry; Asian; Asian Americans; Asian population; Behavioral; Biological; Blood Pressure; Blood specimen; Businesses; Cardiovascular system; Chinese; Chinese American; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Church; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Family; Fasting; Feeling; Fostering; Glucocorticoids; Growth; Health; Human; Immigrant; Immigration; Immune; Individual; Inflammatory; Institution; Insulin Resistance; Investigation; Investments; Language; Latinx; Life; Location; Loneliness; Measures; Metabolic; Neighborhoods; Neurosecretory Systems; Pathway interactions; Persons; Philadelphia; Physiological; Play; Population; Questionnaires; Religion; Reporting; Research; Resources; Role; Services; Shapes; Social Development; Social Identification; Social Network; Social isolation; Social support; Societies; Stress; Structure; Subgroup; Time; Travel; United States; Visit; Volunteer Group; Vulnerable Populations; Work; allostatic load; biological adaptation to stress; cohort; density; disorder risk; experience; follow-up; improved; migration; outreach; racial population; recruit; residence; social; social engagement; social space; social structure; stressor; support network

PROJECT SUMMARY Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial/ethnic group in the United States (US), and Asians of Chinese origin represent the largest single US Asian subgroup. Among Chinese Americans, the majority (62%) are foreign-born. Although Chinese immigrants report better health than their US-born counterparts, this health ad- vantage decreases over time with increasing duration of residence. The downward health trajectory has been primarily attributed to behavioral acculturation, but immigration also encompasses extensive stress and social isolation. Social isolation, in turn, may increase chronic disease risk through dysregulation in multiple systems – neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, immune – which together are indicative of allostatic load (AL). Indeed, studies of other US immigrant populations (mostly African or Latinx) have noted that longer US residence is associated with higher AL. Despite these findings, the question of whether immigrants’ experi- ences of social isolation affect disease risk and health has not been well studied. Social connectedness, or the extent to which one perceives oneself to be closely and meaningfully connected with other individuals, groups, and society as a whole, is a possible strategy to address social isolation, but the conditions and contexts that foster social connectedness are not well understood. Living in ethnic enclaves (i.e. neighborhoods with a greater proportion of people of the same ethnicity) may have positive effects among Chinese immigrants including greater social support and less loneliness. It has been suggested that enclaves provide the necessary structural conditions – namely, physical and social spaces – for social connectedness to develop, although this has yet to be confirmed in large-scale studies. Thus, we propose a comprehensive investigation of the following interrelated questions: Do post-migration experiences of social isolation/connectedness have biologic correlates among foreign-born Chinese? And do ethnic enclaves contribute to social connectedness in this population; if so, how? To address these questions, we will recruit a cohort of 600 foreign-born Chinese across the Philadelphia region, including residents of ethnic enclaves as well as residents of neighborhoods lacking the co-ethnic density and resources of recognized enclaves. Specific aims are to: (1) Examine associations of social connectedness and social isolation with AL in a cohort of US Chinese immigrants; and (2) Explore whether and how enclave resi- dence and engagement with enclave-based resources are associated with social connectedness. Data collection will include questionnaires (e.g., social connectedness, isolation, engagement with enclave resources), blood pressure, anthropometry, and fasting blood samples analyzed for markers of AL. Addresses of residences and locations of activities (e.g., shopping, religious services) will be geocoded. Longitudinal assessments will be obtained at 2-year follow-up to identify changes in markers of AL and correlates of changes in those measures. Project findings will identify the most vulnerable individuals and neighborhoods to target for outreach and pinpoint the critical community-level resources for promoting positive health trajectories in this immigrant population.

项目概要 亚裔美国人是美国增长最快的种族/族裔群体，而亚裔华人中 血统是美国最大的亚裔亚裔群体，其中大多数 (62%) 是华裔美国人。 尽管在外国出生的中国移民的健康状况比在美国出生的邻居要好，但这项健康广告 随着居住时间的增加，优势逐渐减弱。 主要归因于行为文化适应，但移民也包含广泛的压力和社会影响 反过来，社会隔离可能会因多个系统的失调而增加慢性病风险。 神经内分泌、心血管、代谢、炎症、免疫——这些共同表明了变稳态 事实上，对其他美国移民群体（主要是非洲人或拉丁裔）的研究表明，时间更长。 尽管有这些发现，但移民的经验是否与美国居住相关。 社会隔离对疾病风险和健康的影响尚未得到充分研究。 一个人在多大程度上认为自己与其他个人、群体、 和整个社会，是解决社会孤立的一种可能的策略，但 促进社会联系尚未得到充分理解。 同一种族的人口比例）可能对中国移民产生积极影响，包括 有人建议，飞地提供了必要的结构性支持和更少的孤独感。 发展社会联系的条件，即物理和社会空间，尽管这尚未实现 因此，我们建议对以下相互关联的内容进行全面调查。 问题：移民后的社会孤立/联系经历是否与以下群体之间存在生物相关性？ 外国出生的华人是否对这个群体的社会联系有贡献？ 为了解决这些问题，我们将在费城地区招募 600 名外国出生的华人， 包括民族飞地的居民以及缺乏同民族密度的社区的居民 具体目标是： (1) 检查社会联系和联系的关联性。 一群美国华人移民中与 AL 相关的社会隔离；以及 (2) 探讨飞地是否以及如何抵抗 对基于飞地的资源的认知和参与与社会联系相关。 将包括调查问卷（例如，社会联系、孤立、与飞地资源的接触）、血液 分析压力、人体测量和空腹血液样本中的 AL 标记。 活动地点（例如购物、宗教服务）将进行地理编码 纵向评估将被编码。 在 2 年随访中获得，以确定 AL 标志物的变化以及这些措施变化的相关性。 项目调查结果将确定最脆弱的个人和社区，作为外展和查明的目标 促进移民人口积极健康发展的关键社区资源。