Neighborhood, social connectedness, and allostatic load in US Chinese immigrants

美国华人移民的邻里关系、社会联系和动态负荷

• 批准号: 10651070
• 负责人: Carolyn Y. Fang
• 金额: $ 59.74万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH INST OF FOX CHASE CAN CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-16 至 2027-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10651070
• 关键词: Acculturation; Address; Affect; African; Anthropometry; Asian; Asian Americans; Asian population; Behavioral; Biological; Blood Pressure; Blood specimen; Businesses; Cardiovascular system; Chinese; Chinese American; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Church; Communities; Data; Data Collection; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Family; Fasting; Feeling; Fostering; Glucocorticoids; Growth; Health; Human; Immigrant; Immigration; Immune; Individual; Inflammatory; Institution; Insulin Resistance; Investigation; Investments; Language; Latinx; Life; Location; Loneliness; Measures; Metabolic; Neighborhoods; Neurosecretory Systems; Pathway interactions; Persons; Philadelphia; Physiological; Play; Population; Questionnaires; Religion; Reporting; Research; Resources; Role; Services; Shapes; Social Development; Social Identification; Social Network; Social isolation; Social support; Societies; Stress; Structure; Subgroup; Time; Travel; United States; Visit; Volunteer Group; Vulnerable Populations; Work; allostatic load; biological adaptation to stress; cohort; density; disorder risk; experience; follow-up; improved; migration; outreach; racial population; recruit; residence; social; social engagement; social space; social structure; stressor; support network

PROJECT SUMMARY Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial/ethnic group in the United States (US), and Asians of Chinese origin represent the largest single US Asian subgroup. Among Chinese Americans, the majority (62%) are foreign-born. Although Chinese immigrants report better health than their US-born counterparts, this health ad- vantage decreases over time with increasing duration of residence. The downward health trajectory has been primarily attributed to behavioral acculturation, but immigration also encompasses extensive stress and social isolation. Social isolation, in turn, may increase chronic disease risk through dysregulation in multiple systems – neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, immune – which together are indicative of allostatic load (AL). Indeed, studies of other US immigrant populations (mostly African or Latinx) have noted that longer US residence is associated with higher AL. Despite these findings, the question of whether immigrants’ experi- ences of social isolation affect disease risk and health has not been well studied. Social connectedness, or the extent to which one perceives oneself to be closely and meaningfully connected with other individuals, groups, and society as a whole, is a possible strategy to address social isolation, but the conditions and contexts that foster social connectedness are not well understood. Living in ethnic enclaves (i.e. neighborhoods with a greater proportion of people of the same ethnicity) may have positive effects among Chinese immigrants including greater social support and less loneliness. It has been suggested that enclaves provide the necessary structural conditions – namely, physical and social spaces – for social connectedness to develop, although this has yet to be confirmed in large-scale studies. Thus, we propose a comprehensive investigation of the following interrelated questions: Do post-migration experiences of social isolation/connectedness have biologic correlates among foreign-born Chinese? And do ethnic enclaves contribute to social connectedness in this population; if so, how? To address these questions, we will recruit a cohort of 600 foreign-born Chinese across the Philadelphia region, including residents of ethnic enclaves as well as residents of neighborhoods lacking the co-ethnic density and resources of recognized enclaves. Specific aims are to: (1) Examine associations of social connectedness and social isolation with AL in a cohort of US Chinese immigrants; and (2) Explore whether and how enclave resi- dence and engagement with enclave-based resources are associated with social connectedness. Data collection will include questionnaires (e.g., social connectedness, isolation, engagement with enclave resources), blood pressure, anthropometry, and fasting blood samples analyzed for markers of AL. Addresses of residences and locations of activities (e.g., shopping, religious services) will be geocoded. Longitudinal assessments will be obtained at 2-year follow-up to identify changes in markers of AL and correlates of changes in those measures. Project findings will identify the most vulnerable individuals and neighborhoods to target for outreach and pinpoint the critical community-level resources for promoting positive health trajectories in this immigrant population.

项目摘要 亚裔美国人是美国（美国）和中国人的种族/种族最快的种族/族裔 原点代表了最大的美国亚洲亚组。在华裔美国人中，大多数（62％）是 外国出生。尽管中国移民报告的健康状况比美国出生的人更好，但这种健康ad- 随着居住时间的增加，Vantage随着时间的推移而下降。健康轨迹一直是 首先归因于行为培训，但移民也包括广泛的压力和社会 隔离。反过来，社会隔离可能会通过多种系统失调而增加慢性疾病风险 - 神经内分泌，心血管，代谢，炎症，免疫 - 共同表示同种异体 负载（al）。实际上，对美国其他移民人群（主要是非洲或拉丁裔）的研究已经指出，更长的时间 美国居住与较高的AL有关。尽管有这些发现，但移民是否经验的问题 - 社会隔离的经典会影响疾病的风险和健康状况并没有很好地研究。社会联系或 一个百分比与其他人，群体，有意义地联系在一起的程度 整个社会是解决社会隔离的可能策略，但是 促进社会联系并不理解。生活在民族飞地（即更大的社区 相同种族的人比例）可能对中国移民产生积极影响 更大的社会支持和更少的孤独感。有人建议，飞地提供必要的结构 条件（即身体和社会空间），以使社会联系发展，尽管这尚未 在大规模研究中得到证实。这，我们建议对以下相互关联进行全面调查 问题：社会隔离/联系的移民后经历是否与生物学相关 外国出生的中国人？族裔飞地有助于该人群的社会联系；如果是这样，怎么样？ 为了解决这些问题，我们将在费城地区招募600名外国出生的中国人， 包括族裔飞地的居民以及缺乏共同种族密度和的社区居民 公认的飞地的资源。具体目的是：（1）检查社会联系和 在美国中国移民队列中与艾尔的社会隔离； （2）探索是否以及如何搬迁 DNCE和与基于飞地的资源的参与与社会联系有关。数据收集 将包括问卷（例如社会联系，隔离，与飞地资源的参与），血液 分析了AL标记的压力，人体测量法和空腹血液样本。住宅的地址和 活动的位置（例如购物，宗教服务）将进行地理编码。纵向评估将是 在2年的随访中获得，以确定AL标记的变化以及这些测量结果变化的相关性。 项目调查结果将确定最脆弱的个人和社区，以瞄准外展 关键的社区水平资源，用于促进这一移民人口的积极健康轨迹。