Evaluating Rental Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic

评估 COVID-19 大流行期间的租金减免

• 批准号: 10646597
• 负责人: Vincent Fusaro
• 金额: $ 23.48万
• 依托单位: BOSTON COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-25 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10646597
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Anxiety; Area; Attenuated; Binomial Model; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Censuses; Color; Communities; County Government; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Development; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Distress; Documentation; Economics; Effectiveness; Emergency Situation; Employment; Evaluation; Federal Government; Female; Financial Hardship; Financial Support; Food; Fright; Funding; Future; Geography; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Homelessness; Household; Household Heads; Housing; Income; Inequity; Interdisciplinary Study; Internet; Link; Logistic Regressions; Low income; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Municipal Government; Municipalities; Nature; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Outcome Study; Personal Satisfaction; Physiologic pulse; Policies; Policy Analysis; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Research; Resources; Risk; Shock; Social outcome; Source; State Government; Stress; Surveys; System; Techniques; Time; Unemployment; Variant; Work; cost; design; experience; field survey; flexibility; food insecurity; geographic difference; health disparity; housing instability; innovation; marginalization; pandemic disease; payment; programs; public health emergency; response; social health determinants; trend; user-friendly

PROJECT SUMMARY The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sudden and severe economic shock which hit low-income households and households of color most severely. Many U.S. renter households were already housing-cost stressed, leading to fears of a wave of housing instability and evictions and related effects on other forms of hardship such as food insecurity. Given that housing instability and eviction are key social determinants of health and health disparities, overflow effects on mental health were also expected. In 2020-2021 the federal government allocated $46.6 billion in funding for the Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERAP) to support state, county, and municipal governments in addressing rental housing difficulties. The bulk of ERAP funds must be used for financial assistance for rent and rent arrears, utility assistance and utility arrears, and a limited set of other housing-related expenses arising from the pandemic (e.g., relocation expenses); states and municipalities were otherwise given extensive flexibility over the distribution of funds. This project seeks to provide the first systematic and rigorous evaluation of the ERAP policy. The overarching goals of this study are to carefully document variation in state and local ERAP design, including timing of adoption and implementation of various rules, and to evaluate the effects of different approaches to ERAP using quasi-experimental methods that take advantage of differences across geography and across time. This study has three key aims. First, we will create a unique, publicly-accessible, and user- friendly dataset that tracks local, state, and national ERAP policies, the Rental Relief Policy Database (RRPD). Second, we will merge the RRPD with household survey data from the nationally representative Household Pulse Survey fielded by the U.S. Census Bureau throughout the pandemic. Pulse includes measures of housing instability, food insufficiency and other material hardships, and mental health. We will analyze these data using logistic regression models with state and year indicators which will allow us to estimate the causal effect of ERAP policies on critical outcomes in renter households. Third, we will link the RRPD to weekly counts of eviction filings at the Census tract or ZIP code level in 31 U.S. municipal areas. Employing sophisticated techniques—multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial models—we will evaluate the effects of state and local ERAP policies on the rate of eviction filings. Results from this work will both increase understanding of COVID-19 policy effectiveness and trends in inequities, and serve as a blueprint for additional policy and public health initiatives necessary to stabilize increasingly precarious rental housing.

项目摘要 COVID-19大流行引发了突然而严重的经济冲击，袭击了低收入家庭 和颜色家庭最严重。许多美国租房家庭已经压力很大， 导致人们担心住房不稳定和驱逐以及对其他形式的艰辛的相关影响 例如粮食不安全。鉴于住房不稳定和驱逐是健康的关键社会决定者， 健康差异，对心理健康的溢出影响。 2020 - 2021年联邦政府 为紧急租赁援助计划（ERAP）分配了466亿美元的资金，以支持州 县和文化政府解决租赁住房困难。大部分ERAP资金一定是 用于租金和租金欠款，公用事业援助和公用事业的财政援助，以及一组有限的 由大流行（例如搬迁费用）引起的其他与住房相关的费用；国家和 否则，市政当局在资金的分配方面具有广泛的灵活性。这个项目试图 提供对ERAP策略的第一个系统和严格的评估。 这项研究的总体目标是仔细记录州和本地ERAP设计的变化， 包括采用和实施各种规则的时间，并评估不同的效果 使用准实验方法来利用地理位置差异的方法 遍及时间。这项研究具有三个关键目标。首先，我们将创建一个独特的，公共访问和用户 - 跟踪本地，州和国家ERAP政策的友好数据集，租赁救济政策数据库（RRPD）。 其次，我们将将RRPD与全国代表家庭的家庭调查数据合并 美国人口普查局在整个大流行中进行了脉搏调查。脉冲包括 住房不稳定，粮食不足和其他物质困难以及心理健康。我们将分析这些 使用带有状态和年度指标的逻辑回归模型的数据，这将使我们能够估计因果关系 ERAP政策对租房家庭关键结果的影响。第三，我们将将RRPD链接到每周 在美国31个市区的人口普查区或邮政编码级别的驱逐申请计数。雇用 精致的技术 - 多重零膨胀的负二项式模型 - 我们将评估 国家和地方ERAP政策关于驱逐申请率。这项工作的结果都会增加 了解199的政策有效性和不平等趋势，并作为额外的蓝图 稳定越来越不稳定的租赁住房所需的政策和公共卫生计划。