Evaluating Rental Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic

评估 COVID-19 大流行期间的租金减免

基本信息

批准号：
10646597
负责人：
Vincent Fusaro
金额：
$ 23.48万
依托单位：
BOSTON COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-04-25 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10646597
关键词：
Address Adoption Anxiety Area Attenuated Binomial Model COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic Censuses Color Communities County Government Data Data Set Data Sources Databases Development Dimensions Disadvantaged Distress Documentation Economics Effectiveness Emergency Situation Employment Evaluation Federal Government Female Financial Hardship Financial Support Food Fright Funding Future Geography Goals Guidelines Health Homelessness Household Household Heads Housing Income Inequity Interdisciplinary Study Internet Link Logistic Regressions Low income Measures Mental Depression Mental Health Methods Modeling Municipal Government Municipalities Nature Neighborhoods Outcome Outcome Study Personal Satisfaction Physiologic pulse Policies Policy Analysis Public Health Quasi-experiment Research Resources Risk Shock Social outcome Source State Government Stress Surveys System Techniques Time Unemployment Variant Work cost design experience field survey flexibility food insecurity geographic difference health disparity housing instability innovation marginalization pandemic disease payment programs public health emergency response social health determinants trend user-friendly

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sudden and severe economic shock which hit low-income households and households of color most severely. Many U.S. renter households were already housing-cost stressed, leading to fears of a wave of housing instability and evictions and related effects on other forms of hardship such as food insecurity. Given that housing instability and eviction are key social determinants of health and health disparities, overflow effects on mental health were also expected. In 2020-2021 the federal government allocated $46.6 billion in funding for the Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERAP) to support state, county, and municipal governments in addressing rental housing difficulties. The bulk of ERAP funds must be used for financial assistance for rent and rent arrears, utility assistance and utility arrears, and a limited set of other housing-related expenses arising from the pandemic (e.g., relocation expenses); states and municipalities were otherwise given extensive flexibility over the distribution of funds. This project seeks to provide the first systematic and rigorous evaluation of the ERAP policy. The overarching goals of this study are to carefully document variation in state and local ERAP design, including timing of adoption and implementation of various rules, and to evaluate the effects of different approaches to ERAP using quasi-experimental methods that take advantage of differences across geography and across time. This study has three key aims. First, we will create a unique, publicly-accessible, and user- friendly dataset that tracks local, state, and national ERAP policies, the Rental Relief Policy Database (RRPD). Second, we will merge the RRPD with household survey data from the nationally representative Household Pulse Survey fielded by the U.S. Census Bureau throughout the pandemic. Pulse includes measures of housing instability, food insufficiency and other material hardships, and mental health. We will analyze these data using logistic regression models with state and year indicators which will allow us to estimate the causal effect of ERAP policies on critical outcomes in renter households. Third, we will link the RRPD to weekly counts of eviction filings at the Census tract or ZIP code level in 31 U.S. municipal areas. Employing sophisticated techniques—multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial models—we will evaluate the effects of state and local ERAP policies on the rate of eviction filings. Results from this work will both increase understanding of COVID-19 policy effectiveness and trends in inequities, and serve as a blueprint for additional policy and public health initiatives necessary to stabilize increasingly precarious rental housing.

项目概要 COVID-19 大流行引发了突然而严重的经济冲击，对低收入家庭造成了打击有色人种家庭的情况最为严重，许多美国租房家庭已经面临住房成本压力。导致人们担心住房不稳定和驱逐浪潮以及对其他形式困难的相关影响鉴于住房不稳定和驱逐是健康和安全的关键社会决定因素。联邦政府预计 2020 年至 2021 年还会出现健康差异和心理健康溢出效应。为紧急租金援助计划 (ERAP) 拨款 466 亿美元，以支持各州、县、市政府解决租赁住房困难的大部分 ERAP 资金必须用于解决住房租赁困难。用于租金和租金拖欠的经济援助、公用事业援助和公用事业拖欠以及有限的一套因疫情而产生的其他与住房相关的费用（例如搬迁费用）；否则，该项目力求在资金分配方面给予广泛的灵活性。对 ERAP 政策进行首次系统且严格的评估。本研究的总体目标是仔细记录州和地方 ERAP 设计的变化，包括通过和实施各种规则的时间，并评估不同规则的影响使用准实验方法的 ERAP 方法，利用跨地理区域的差异这项研究有三个主要目标：首先，我们将创建一个独特的、可公开访问的、用户可访问的。跟踪地方、州和国家 ERAP 政策的友好数据集，即租金减免政策数据库 (RRPD)。其次，我们将 RRPD 与来自全国代表性家庭的家庭调查数据合并。美国人口普查局在整个大流行期间进行的脉搏调查包括以下措施。住房不稳定、粮食不足和其他物质困难，以及心理健康，我们将对此进行分析。使用带有状态和年份指标的逻辑回归模型的数据，这将使我们能够估计因果关系 ERAP 政策对租房家庭关键结果的影响第三，我们将 RRPD 与每周联系起来。美国 31 个市镇的人口普查区或邮政编码级别的驱逐申请数量。复杂的技术——多级零膨胀负二项式模型——我们将评估以下效果州和地方 ERAP 关于驱逐申请率的政策这项工作的结果都将增加。了解 COVID-19 政策的有效性和不平等趋势，并作为其他政策的蓝图稳定日益不稳定的出租住房所必需的政策和公共卫生举措。