Identifying and preventing antigen specific T cells in diabetes

识别和预防糖尿病中的抗原特异性 T 细胞

基本信息

批准号：
10296946
负责人：
Brian T Fife
金额：
$ 59万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-06-22 至 2026-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10296946
关键词：
Antibodies Antigens Autoantibodies Autoimmune Autoimmune Diabetes Autoimmune Diseases B-Lymphocytes Beta Cell Biological Markers Blocking Antibodies CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Death Cells Coupled Development Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes prevention Diabetic mouse Disease Progression Early Diagnosis Fingerprint Frequencies Functional disorder Gene Expression Profile Genetic Transcription Goals Grant Human Hybrids Immune Tolerance In Vitro Inbred NOD Mice Individual Insulin Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Interferons Knowledge Lead Mediating Modeling Mouse Strains Mus Non obese Onset of illness Pancreas Pathogenesis Pathogenicity Pathway Analysis Patients Peptides Peripheral Population Predisposition Prevention Preventive therapy Production Property Proteins Protocols documentation Reagent Regulatory T-Lymphocyte Research Risk Role T cell differentiation T cell regulation T-Cell Receptor T-Lymphocyte Testing anergy antigen test antigen-specific T cells autoreactivity central tolerance chimeric antigen receptor diabetes risk diabetic effective therapy genetic signature insulin dependent diabetes mellitus onset islet islet cell antibody memory CD4 T lymphocyte mouse model neoantigens novel therapeutic intervention prevent programs screening single-cell RNA sequencing targeted treatment trafficking transcriptome type I diabetic

项目摘要

SUMMARY Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from a breakdown in immunological tolerance caused by T cell-mediated destruction of islet beta cells. Diabetes is orchestrated by HLAII- restricted CD4+ T cells, through cellular interactions with both B cells and CD8+ T cells, resulting in autoantibody production and beta cell death, respectively. While anti-islet autoantibodies are currently the best predictors of T1D development, screening is limited to four islet antigens and no T cell biomarkers exist. Despite years of research, it is still unclear which antigen-specific CD4+ T cells initiate T1D. New evidence suggests that hybrid peptides (HP) formed from the fusion of islet β cell proteins may be critical antigens in T1D as recent studies identified HP-reactive CD4+ T cells from T1D patients and diabetic mice in vitro. These neo-antigens escape central tolerance and must be controlled by peripheral mechanisms including anergy or regulatory T cell control. In preliminary studies, we identified HP-specific CD4+ T cells in diabetic mouse models using tetramer reagents, and showed they are pathogenic and cause T1D in mouse transfer models. More importantly, we can block spontaneous T1D in the NOD mouse model targeting one hybrid peptide when presented in mouse MHCII using peptide-specific:MHCII blocking antibodies. Thus, we hypothesize that HPs are critical antigens and that autoreactivity to HPs initiates T1D. The goals of this proposal are to determine if HP-specific CD4+ T cells initiate T1D and if targeting them can lead to tolerance as a prevention or cure for T1D. The second goal of the grant is to determine if HP specific cells are relevant for human T1D and use of scRNA-seq analysis to uncover critical clues about shared transcriptional programs related to the pathogenic potential between human and mouse HP reactive T cells. Completion of this project could lead to better biomarkers to predict T1D risk and disease progression.

概括 1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，原因是免疫学破坏 T细胞介导的胰岛β细胞的破坏引起的耐受性。糖尿病是由Hlaii策划的通过与B细胞和CD8+ T细胞的细胞相互作用，受到限制的CD4+ T细胞，导致自身抗体产生和β细胞死亡。而抗iSLET自身抗体目前是 T1D开发的最佳预测因素，筛选限制为四种胰岛抗原，无T细胞存在生物标志物。尽管进行了多年的研究，但仍不清楚哪种抗原特异性CD4+ T细胞启动T1D。新证据表明，由胰岛β细胞融合形成的杂种宠物（HP）蛋白质可能是T1D的关键抗原，因为最近的研究确定了HP反应性CD4+ T细胞 T1D患者和糖尿病小鼠体外。这些新抗原逃脱了中心容忍度，必须是由外围机制控制，包括厌食或调节T细胞控制。在初步研究，我们使用四聚体试剂（糖尿病小鼠模型）鉴定了HP特异性CD4+ T细胞，并显示它们具有致病性，并在小鼠转移模型中引起T1D。更重要的是，我们可以当靶向一种杂交肽时，嵌入的小鼠模型中的块赞助T1D当出现在使用肽特异性的小鼠MHCII：MHCII阻断抗体。那我们假设HP是关键抗原和对HPS的自动反应性启动T1D。该提议的目标是确定HP特异性CD4+ T细胞是否启动T1D并靶向它们是否会导致耐受性作为一个预防或治疗T1D。赠款的第二个目标是确定特定特定细胞是否是与人类T1D和使用SCRNA-SEQ分析有关的关键线索有关转录程序与人与小鼠HP反应性之间的致病潜力有关 T细胞。该项目的完成可能会导致更好的生物标志物预测T1D风险和疾病进展。