RR&D Research Career Scientist Award Application

RR

• 批准号: 10407502
• 负责人: RICHARD Fergus ffrench WEIR
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA EASTERN COLORADO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10407502
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Address; Afghanistan; Algorithms; Amputation; Architecture; Area; Automobile Driving; Award; Back; Canada; Caring; Chicago; Clinic; Clinical; Collaborations; Conflict (Psychology); Contracts; Development; Device or Instrument Development; Devices; Distal; Engineering; Event Horizon; Extramural Activities; Fingers; Forearm; Freedom; Funding; Funding Agency; Fuzzy Logic; Glycogen; Goals; Grant; Hand; Healthcare; Heart; Iceland; Impairment; Implant; Individual; Iraq; Joints; Laboratories; Lead; Life Style; Light; Limb Prosthesis; Limb structure; Maps; Mechanics; Medical; Mentors; Metacarpophalangeal joint structure; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Motor Neurons; Mus; Muscle; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Nerve; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Occupational Therapist; Optical Methods; Optics; Pancreas; Pattern Recognition; Peripheral Nerves; Persons; Phantom Limb Pain; Postdoctoral Fellow; Posture; Process; Prosthesis; Prosthesis Design; Prosthetic rehabilitation; Proteins; Provider; Publishing; Quality of life; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Scientist; Sensory; Series; Severities; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Structure of ulnar nerve; Students; Suspensions; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Training; Translating; Translations; United States National Institutes of Health; Upper Extremity; Vagus nerve structure; Veterans; Viral Vector; War; Work; Wrist; arm; base; biomechanical model; blind; blood glucose regulation; career; clinical development; clinically relevant; design; experience; first-in-human; improved; innovation; insight; interest; laboratory development; limb amputation; limb loss; median nerve; motor control; myoelectric control; neuroregulation; new technology; novel; novel strategies; optogenetics; personalized approach; pressure; prosthetic hand; prototype; rehabilitation research; research and development; research clinical testing; sciatic nerve; sensor; sensory feedback; sound; two-dimensional

The over-arching goal of the Nominees research activities is to improve the quality of life of veterans and individuals with limb loss. Upper-limb prosthetics research is an area of particular interest and relevance to VA especially in times of war. The Nominee through his Laboratory the VA/CU Biomechatronics Development Laboratory and its people seeks to improve the prosthetic options available to veterans with limb loss through the application of novel approaches and technology to the development of clinically relevant prosthetic systems and solutions. While it is a personal goal of the Nominee to be able to develop an artificial hand replacement capable of true dexterous manipulation for use by persons with upper-limb loss the Nominee and his team explore all aspects of the problem ranging from neural control and sensing; mechatronic design and development; novel actuator technologies; novel physical suspension/interface techniques; clinical deployment of these systems; methods to manage phantom limb pain; conducting clinical testing of the systems developed. The Nominee has been in the field of Prosthesis design and Rehabilitation Research in one form or another (Student, Post-doc, Scientist, Mentor) for over 25 years and has maintained extramural funding over that period. The Nominee has had numerous contracts and grants to develop advanced limb systems for a number of different Federal funding agencies including VA, NIH, and DARPA as well as Subcontracts from UNB in Canada. Over that time, in addition to being a VA Researcher and academic researcher, the Nominee completed the training required to become a clinical prosthetist and was National Director of Research for Advanced Arm Dynamics (AAD) for 2 years, (AAD is a national provider of upper-limb prosthetics care), providing the Nominee with a deep clinical insight into how care is provided in our field of upper-limb prosthetics. As a result, the Nominee believes he should explore and provide practical solutions to immediately pressing clinical problems while also exploring ideas that push the envelope of current technology but that might lead to platform level technologies with the potential for broad impact across a number of unrelated fields in the longer term. The Nominee’s VA projects aim to address issues of immediate clinical relevance to veterans with arm amputations but do so in a novel and innovative way. In particular, the Nominee’s current VA grant is to develop and test a novel prosthesis controller based on the Nominee’s ideas of Posture Control. At issue is the poor control available for current multifunctional electric hands that fails to enable them to operate at their fullest potential. In Posture Control through novel processing the control signals are mapped to a two-dimensional space where coordinates in the space represent hand postures enabling whole hand Posture Control rather than joint based control. This control approach has been developed, tested and demonstrated and we are working with a company to integrate our algorithm into their prosthesis controller to translate it to the field. The Nominee’s non-VA research is centered around using optical methods to interrogate nerves. True dexterous control of an artificial hand will not be achieved without sensory feedback (touch, pressure, force) from a prosthetic hand interfaced directly to the user’s nervous system. The Nominee is exploring the use of optical methods to non-invasively promote action potentials within neurons or to read-out action potentials from a nerve. We have recently published results of our work demonstrating how optical methods could be used to communicate with peripheral nerves. This is a blue-sky project with a long event horizon yet still grounded in the possibility of translation. If used to interface with the median or ulnar nerves such an interface could provide sensory or motor control for a prosthesis. If the interface modulates the vagus nerve then many other options become possible – such as modulating the neurons to the pancreas to control glucose and/or glycogen secretion without at the same time driving the heart. An example of the broad possibilities such an optically based peripheral nerve interface might provide.

提名研究活动的总体目标是改善退伍军人的生活质量和 肢体损失的人。上限假肢研究是与VA特别关注和相关的领域 特别是在战争时期。通过他的实验室VA/CU生物技术发展的提名人 实验室及其人民试图通过通过 新颖的方法和技术在临床相关的假肢系统的开发中的应用 和解决方案。虽然这是提名人的个人目标 能够真正灵巧的操纵，以供上限损失的人使用提名人和他的团队 探索问题的所有方面，包括神经控制和传感；机甲设计和 发展;新型执行技术；新颖的物理悬架/接口技术；临床部署 这些系统；管理幻影肢体疼痛的方法；进行系统的临床测试。 提名人以一种或另一种形式进入假体设计和康复研究领域 （学生，博士后，科学家，导师）超过25年，并在此期间维持了壁外资金。 该提名人有许多合同和赠款来开发高级肢体系统 包括VA，NIH和DARPA在内的不同联邦资助机构以及加拿大UNB的分包合同。 在这段时间里，除了成为VA研究人员和学术研究员外，提名人还完成了 培训需要成为临床假肢，并且是高级ARM研究总监 Dynamics（AAD）已有2年（AAD是上限假肢的全国性提供者），提供了提名人 深入了解我们的上限假肢领域如何提供护理。 结果，提名人认为他应该探索并提供实用的解决方案，以立即紧迫 临床问题同时还探索推动当前技术信封的想法，但可能会导致 平台级技术有可能在更长的时间内在许多无关领域中产生广泛影响 学期。提名人的VA项目旨在解决与退伍军人的直接临床相关性问题 截肢但以一种新颖而创新的方式进行。特别是，提名人目前的VA赠款是开发 并根据提名人的姿势控制观念来测试一个新颖的假体控制器。争论是穷人 可用于当前多功能电力的控制，无法使它们充分运行 潜在的。在通过新颖处理的姿势控制中，控制信号映射到二维 空间中的坐标代表手部姿势，实现整个手姿势控制而不是 基于关节的控制。这种控制方法已经开发，测试和证明，我们正在工作 与一家公司将我们的算法集成到其假体控制器中，以将其转化为现场。 被提名人的非VA研究以使用光学方法来询问神经。真正的灵巧 如果没有感觉反馈（触摸，压力，力），将无法获得人造手的控制 假肢直接连接到用户的神经系统。提名人正在探索光学的使用 非侵入性促进神经元内动作电位或从神经读取动作电位的方法。 我们最近发表了我们的工作结果，证明了光学方法如何使用 与周围神经交流。这是一个蓝色的项目，有一个漫长的事件视野，但仍在 翻译的可能性。如果用于与中位或尺神经接口，则可以提供这样的接口 假体的感觉或运动控制。如果接口调节迷走神经，则许多其他选项 变得可能 - 例如将神经元调节到胰腺中以控制糖基和/或糖原分泌 没有同时开车。一个基于光学基础的广泛可能性的例子 周围神经界面可能会提供。