Evolution of pathogen avoidance behavior and downstream effects on physiological resistance

病原体回避行为的演变及其对生理抵抗力的下游影响

• 批准号: 10389554
• 负责人: Caroline Amoroso
• 金额: $ 6.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10389554
• 关键词: Address; Animal Behavior; Animal Model; Animals; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Biology; COVID-19 pandemic; Caenorhabditis elegans; Chemicals; Collaborations; Complex; Costs and Benefits; Cues; Disease; Disease Resistance; Ecology; Effectiveness of Interventions; Empirical Research; Epidemiology; Evolution; Failure; Feedback; Fellowship; Foundations; Gatekeeping; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Variation; Habitats; Host Defense; Human; Hygiene; Infection; Knowledge; Laboratories; Linkage Disequilibrium; Literature; Measures; Mentorship; Modeling; Outcome; Pattern; Phenotype; Physiological; Play; Population Genetics; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Resistance; Resources; Risk; Role; Scheme; Scientist; Serratia marcescens; Shapes; Social Distance; Supervision; System; Technical Expertise; Testing; Thinking; Training; Universities; Variant; Virginia; Virulence; Work; avoidance behavior; cost; disorder risk; emerging pathogen; experimental study; fitness; mathematical model; novel strategies; pandemic disease; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; preemptive intervention; pressure; prevent; response; skills; social; social structure; success; theories; trait

Project Summary Avoidance is a form of host defense against pathogens that reduces the risk of initial contact between host and pathogen. Avoidance behaviors represent an animal's first line of defense against pathogens and play a primary role in determining whether and how a host-pathogen interaction will proceed. Yet avoidance has not been studied within the rich theoretical framework that has been built for other forms of defenses against pathogens, such as physiological resistance. Both avoidance and resistance reduce infection, and thus it could be argued that the extensive literature on resistance can be simply extended to predict the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of avoidance. However, avoidance may evolve differently from resistance, especially if the costs of avoidance are lower or more variable. Moreover, as the gatekeeper of the host-pathogen interaction, avoidance is likely to have downstream effects on the strength of selection on resistance. Predictions about the primary role of avoidance in determining host-pathogen interactions have proven challenging to test because avoidance and resistance are hard to separate empirically: infection outcomes are a product of both. This research addresses these knowledge gaps by combining theoretical and empirical research to generate and test predictions for the evolution of avoidance and resistance as components of a `defense cascade.' Theoretical approaches will generate predictions for the evolutionary processes that govern avoidance and its association with resistance (Aim 1). Experiments will be conducted in a tractable system in which avoidance and resistance not only can be measured separately, but also can be evolved separately: the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens. Assays and experimental selection schemes will characterize the fitness costs and benefits of avoidance relative to resistance (Aim 2), and examine the evolution of defense modes separately and in combination (Aim 3). Together, this approach will break down the steps of the defense cascade, establishing a critical foundation for understanding the evolution of avoidance and its downstream impacts on resistance evolution. This research will use a novel approach to bridge the gap between behavioral ecology and evolutionary theory of pathogen defenses, laying a foundation to address questions relevant to public health decisions surrounding avoidance behaviors. Through the proposed research, the Trainee will develop technical skills for complex mathematical modeling and maintaining a C. elegans laboratory. The Trainee will also focus on professional skills such as mentorship and collaboration. The training will take place in the Department of Biology at the University of Virginia, under the supervision of two successful co-sponsors who will contribute diverse perspectives, and have the resources to support the Trainee. Through this fellowship, the Trainee will build on her strong and productive background to reach her full potential as an independent scientist and leader in her field.

项目摘要 避免是宿主防御病原体的一种形式，可降低宿主和 病原。回避行为代表动物对病原体的第一道防线，并发挥 在确定宿主病原体相互作用是否以及如何进行中的主要作用。但是避免还没有 在富裕的理论框架内研究了针对其他形式的防御 病原体，例如生理抗性。避免和阻力都减少了感染，因此可以 有人认为，可以简单地扩展有关抵抗性的广泛文献，以预测生态和 回避的进化动力。但是，避免可能与抵抗的发展不同，尤其是 避免成本较低或更可变。而且，作为宿主病原体的守门人 相互作用，避免可能会对选择强度对电阻的强度产生下游影响。 关于回避在确定宿主 - 病原体相互作用中的主要作用的预测已得到证明 测试挑战，因为避免和抵抗很难从经验上分离：感染结果是 两者的产物。这项研究通过结合理论和经验来解决这些知识差距 研究和测试预测回避和抗性的演变作为a的组成部分 “防御级联”。理论方法将对控制的进化过程产生预测 避免及其与抵抗的关联（AIM 1）。实验将在可处理的系统中进行 避免和抗性不仅可以单独测量，而且可以分开进化： 模型有机体秀丽隐杆线虫和细菌病原体serratia marcescens。测定和 实验选择方案将表征相对于避免的健身成本和收益 阻力（AIM 2），并分别检查防御模式的演变（AIM 3）。 这种方法将分解辩护级联的步骤，为 了解回避的演变及其下游对抵抗进化的影响。这项研究 将使用一种新颖的方法来弥合行为生态学与病原体进化论之间的差距 辩护，为解决与避免的公共卫生决策有关的问题奠定基础 行为。通过拟议的研究，学员将开发复杂数学的技术技能 对秀丽隐杆线虫实验室进行建模和维护。学员还将专注于专业技能，例如 指导与协作。该培训将在大学的生物学系进行 弗吉尼亚州，在两个成功的共同发起人的监督下，他们将贡献各种观点， 有资源来支持学员。通过这项奖学金，学员将建立在她坚强的基础上， 富有成效的背景，以充分发挥自己的独立科学家和领导者的潜力。