West African Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases

西非新发传染病中心

• 批准号: 10187519
• 负责人: Scott C Weaver
• 金额: $ 154.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-09 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10187519
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Africa; African; Americas; Angola; Arboviruses; Arthralgia; Asia; Blood Circulation; Caribbean region; Central America; Chikungunya virus; Chiroptera; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Coronavirus; Country; Culicidae; Dengue; Diagnostic; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Outcome; Ebola; Ebola virus; Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Epidemic; Etiology; Europe; Fever; Filovirus; Florida; Future; Goals; Guillain Barré Syndrome; Health Personnel; Hemorrhage; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Henipavirus; Hospitals; Human; Immune System Diseases; Immune response; Indian Ocean; Infection; Infrastructure; International; Laboratories; Lassa Fever; Lassa virus; Maintenance; Maps; Medical; Mexico; Microcephaly; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Monitor; Nigeria; Outcome; Pattern; Public Health; RNA; Research Infrastructure; Risk; Rodent; Senegal; Severity of illness; Sierra Leone; Source; South America; Texas; Ticks; Time; Training; Training Programs; Variant; Viral; Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers; Virulence; Virus; Virus Diseases; Wild Animals; Yellow Fever; ZIKA; ZIKV infection; Zika Virus; Zoonoses; bat-borne; biosecurity; burden of illness; chikungunya; congenital zika syndrome; emerging pathogen; enzootic; exposed human population; field study; human disease; improved; novel virus; pathogen; pathogenic virus; programs; public health emergency; response; transmission process; vector; viral genomics

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), as well as rodent- and bat-borne viruses such as Lassa fever and probably Ebola, are among the most important causes of emerging infectious diseases, and many circulate enzootically in W. Africa. The mechanisms whereby these and other zoonotic African viruses emerge and spread remain obscure, along with the understanding of their disease burden and varied clinical outcomes. The West African Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases will address these critical gaps through field studies of enzootic transmission, and clinical studies of human exposure and disease outcome. Our surveillance of humans, and wild animals, including bats (probable hosts of filoviruses, coronaviruses and henipaviruses), and mosquitoes/ticks, will likely identify new emerging viral pathogens. Further, the infrastructure and local expertise developed through these projects in Senegal, Sierra Leone and Nigeria, along with biosafety/biosecurity training and improved diagnostics, will also prepare the region for future outbreaks of emerging viral and other infectious diseases. The Center’s aims are to: 1. Study zoonotic arboviruses in Senegal, Sierra Leone and Nigeria, including identification and characterization of critical reservoir and amplification hosts, enzootic and epidemic vectors, temporal patterns of enzootic and epidemic circulation, levels of human exposure, immune responses and disease outcomes. The emphasis will be on the 4 “urban” (human amplified) arboviruses: CHIKV, DENV, YFV and ZIKV, but other known and possibly unknown viruses will also be studied. Risk maps will be generated. 2. In Sierra Leone and Nigeria, study the circulation among rodent hosts and infections of humans by Lassa virus, including identification of viral determinants of hemorrhagic disease severity and sequelae outcomes, and determination of the mechanisms of strain virulence variation. Risk maps will also be generated. 3. Perform surveillance in bats to identify potential sources of Ebola virus in W. Africa as well as other known or unknown zoonotic pathogens, including coronaviruses and henipaviruses that may be causing human disease, and which may explain the origins of emerging pathogens such as Nipah and MERS coronavirus. 4. Establish biocontainment and biosecurity training programs, advanced yet affordable viral genomics capabilities, and comprehensive diagnostics to support these aims as well as to improve research infrastructure and future outbreak responses in W. Africa. Our results will increase the mechanistic understanding of zoonotic viral maintenance and emergence, etiologies of febrile and hemorrhagic diseases, diverse disease outcomes, and risks for local and international spread. Novel viruses with emergence potential will likely be discovered, and existing collaborations between the Univ. of TX Medical Branch and its partners in Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, as well as research infrastructure, will be strengthened to prepare for and respond quickly and effectively to future outbreaks.

节肢动物传播的病毒（虫媒病毒），例如基孔肯雅病毒 (CHIKV) 和寨卡病毒 (ZIKV)，以及啮齿动物和 蝙蝠传播的病毒，例如拉沙热和可能的埃博拉病毒，是新出现的最重要原因之一 传染病，以及许多在西非地区被破坏的机制。 非洲人畜共患病毒的出现和传播仍然扑朔迷离，人们对其疾病的了解也仍然不明朗 西非新发传染病中心将解决负担和不同的临床结果。 通过对地方性动物传播的实地研究以及对人类接触和传播的临床研究来弥补这些关键差距 我们对人类和野生动物（包括蝙蝠（丝状病毒的可能宿主）的监测） 冠状病毒和亨尼帕病毒）以及蚊子/蜱虫可能会识别出新出现的病毒病原体。 此外，通过这些项目在塞内加尔、塞拉利昂和 尼日利亚，连同生物安全/生物安保培训和改进的诊断技术，也将为该地区做好准备 该中心的目标是： 1. 研究塞内加尔、塞拉利昂和尼日利亚的人畜共患虫媒病毒，包括鉴定和 关键储存宿主和扩增宿主、地方性和流行性媒介、时间的表征 地方性动物和流行病的循环模式、人类接触水平、免疫反应和疾病 重点将放在 4 种“城市”（人类扩增的）虫媒病毒上：CHIKV、DENV、YFV 和 ZIKV，但其他已知和可能未知的病毒也将被研究。 2. 在塞拉利昂和尼日利亚，研究拉沙病毒在啮齿动物宿主之间的传播和人类感染 病毒，包括鉴定出血性疾病严重程度和后遗症结果的病毒决定因素， 还将生成菌株毒力变异机制的确定。 3. 对蝙蝠进行监测，以确定西非以及其他已知的埃博拉病毒的潜在来源 或未知的人畜共患病原体，包括可能导致人类感染的冠状病毒和亨尼帕病毒 疾病，这可能解释尼帕病毒和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒等新兴病原体的起源。 4. 建立生物遏制和生物安全培训计划、先进且负担得起的病毒基因组学 能力和全面的诊断来支持这些目标并改进研究 西非的基础设施和未来的疫情应对措施。 我们的结果将增加对人畜共患病毒维持和出现的机制的理解， 发热性疾病和出血性疾病的病因、不同的疾病结果以及当地和国际的风险 可能会发现具有出现潜力的新型病毒，以及之间现有的合作。 德克萨斯大学医学分校及其在塞内加尔、塞拉利昂和尼日利亚的合作伙伴以及研究 基础设施将得到加强，以便为未来的疫情爆发做好准备并做出快速有效的反应。