Real-Time Measurement and Uptake of Carcinogens by Menthol Cigarette Smokers

薄荷醇香烟吸烟者致癌物的实时测量和吸收

• 批准号: 8706086
• 负责人: Stephanie S Buehler
• 金额: $ 64.17万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-26 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8706086
• 关键词: Acute; Address; African American; American; Biological Markers; Camels; Carcinogens; Characteristics; Chemicals; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Color; Communities; Cotinine; Crossover Design; Data; Deposition; Disease; Engineering; Environmental air flow; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Flavoring; Goals; Human; Laboratories; Laws; Life; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Menthol; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Paper; Particle Size; Pattern; Performance; Property; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Science; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Social Justice; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco use; Toxic effect; Toxicity Tests; Toxin; United States Food and Drug Administration; Variant; Work; Youth; addiction; authority; base; cigarette smoking; design; exposed human population; innovation; mortality; non-smoking; particle; preference; programs; racial and ethnic; tool; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Menthol, the only cigarette additive that is actively marketed by manufacturers, is particularly favored by youth and ethnic/racial minorities. There is growing evidence that menthol cigarettes are starter products for youth, impede cessation, increase relapse following cessation and undermine social justice by the incessant targeted marketing of these products to communities of color. Tying menthol cigarette use to increased risk of tobacco-related diseases has been difficult. Generally, epidemiologic studies that have been used to try to make that connection have been inconclusive, whereas laboratory-based studies have been hampered by the inability to get established menthol or non-menthol smokers to use the opposite cigarette style for the extended periods necessary to compare classic measures of toxicity, and results obtained have been mixed. A major reason for this may lie with the commercial cigarettes that were used in these tests. Because cigarettes are so highly engineered, there are likely many differences between menthol and non-menthol cigarettes other than menthol levels. The investigators' previous work has resulted in some intriguing contrasts in menthol and non-menthol cigarettes, but it cannot be known if the differences were the result of the effects of mentholation alone, or the many other possible differences in the properties of commercial cigarettes. To adequately study the effect of mentholation of cigarettes, we need to test cigarettes that differ only in menthol content. The specific aims of this research are to determine the acute effects of smoking cigarettes that are equivalent except for levels of menthol. The over-all goal is to establish methods for testing which are valid without requiring prolonged periods of exposure and compliance with long-duration protocols. We will therefore characterize a set of cigarettes that are the same except for variation in menthol levels. The cigarettes are a commercial non-menthol cigarette that is mentholated at a low level and a high level, and Camel Crush, a non-menthol cigarette with a small menthol pellet in the filter which, when crushed, releases menthol into the filter. Chemical characterization of the cigarettes will be followed by real-time human toxicity measurements in a within-subjects design, to assess human exposure to select smoke-related toxins/carcinogens. Finally, to generate subject-specific smoke emissions and estimate uptake of smoke- related toxins/carcinogens, a smoking machine will be programmed to smoke the test cigarettes, and smoke emissions of each of the test cigarettes will be compared.

描述（由申请人提供）： 薄荷醇是唯一由制造商积极销售的卷烟添加剂，特别受到年轻人和少数族裔/种族的青睐。越来越多的证据表明，薄荷醇卷烟是青少年的入门产品，会阻碍戒烟，增加戒烟后的复吸率，并通过不断向有色人种社区定向营销这些产品破坏社会正义。将薄荷醇卷烟的使用与烟草相关疾病的风险增加联系起来一直很困难。一般来说，用于试图建立这种联系的流行病学研究尚无定论，而基于实验室的研究则因无法让已确定的薄荷醇或非薄荷醇吸烟者在必要的较长时间内使用相反的香烟类型而受到阻碍。比较经典的毒性测量方法，得到的结果好坏参半。造成这种情况的主要原因可能在于这些测试中使用的商业香烟。由于香烟经过高度设计，除了薄荷醇含量之外，薄荷醇和非薄荷醇香烟之间可能存在许多差异。研究人员之前的工作在薄荷醇和非薄荷醇卷烟中产生了一些有趣的对比，但尚不清楚这些差异是否是单独的薄荷醇作用的结果，还是商业卷烟特性中许多其他可能的差异的结果。为了充分研究香烟薄荷醇的影响，我们需要测试仅薄荷醇含量不同的香烟。这项研究的具体目的是确定除了薄荷醇含量不同之外，吸烟的急性影响是相同的。总体目标是建立有效的测试方法，无需长时间暴露并遵守长期协议。因此，我们将表征一组除了薄荷醇水平不同之外相同的香烟。这些香烟是一种商用非薄荷醇香烟，其薄荷醇含量较低和较高，而Camel Crush是一种非薄荷醇香烟，过滤嘴中有一个小薄荷醇颗粒，当压碎时，薄荷醇会释放到过滤嘴中。在对香烟的化学特性进行表征之后，将在受试者内部设计中进行实时人体毒性测量，以评估人体接触选定的与烟雾相关的毒素/致癌物的情况。最后，为了生成特定受试者的烟雾排放量并估计与烟雾相关的毒素/致癌物的吸收量，将对吸烟机进行编程以抽吸测试香烟，并对每种测试香烟的烟雾排放量进行比较。

项目成果

Custom Mentholation of Commercial Cigarettes for Research Purposes.

用于研究目的的商业香烟的定制薄荷醇。

• 发表时间: 2014-01-01
• 作者: MacGregor, Ian C;Stanfill, Stephen B;Gordon, Sydney M;Turner, Douglas J;Butler, Jenny M;Hanft, Elizabeth A;Kim, Hyoshin;Kroeger, Robyn R;Brinkman, Marielle C;Tefft, Margaret E;Clark, Pamela I;Buehler, Stephanie S
• 通讯作者: Buehler, Stephanie S