Cortical-Hippocampal Interactions Underlying Rapid Spatial and Non-Spatial Category Learning

快速空间和非空间类别学习背后的皮质-海马相互作用

• 批准号: 9983230
• 负责人: David J Freedman
• 金额: $ 45.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9983230
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Brain; Brain Diseases; Categories; Child; Chronic; Cognitive; Color; Complement; Complex; Computer Models; Correlation Studies; Coupled; Data Science Core; Data Set; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Dyslexia; Environment; Episodic memory; Faculty; Functional disorder; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impairment; Knowledge; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Location; Memory; Mental disorders; Monitor; Monkeys; Motion; Neocortex; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Pharmacology; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Psyche structure; Research; Rodent; Role; Schizophrenia; School-Age Population; Sensory; Shapes; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Training; Visual; Visuospatial; War; Work; classical conditioning; complex data; flexibility; information organization; insight; learned behavior; learning ability; mental development; neurophysiology; next generation; nonhuman primate; novel strategies; relating to nervous system; scaffold; visual learning; young adult

Summary and Relevance of Proposed Research Humans and other advanced animals have a remarkable capacity to rapidly acquire knowledge about our environment and to learn a wide array of complex tasks. Recent work has shown the importance of mental “schema” in generalizing knowledge learned from simpler tasks and concepts, allowing rapid learning of new tasks and knowledge built upon the cognitive scaffold provided by earlier learning sets. For example, learning a simple card game like “war” or “old maid” facilitates learning of more complex games such as “spades” or “bridge”, which build on knowledge or schema from simpler games. Although neurophysiological studies of hippocampal-cortical interactions during complex behavior and learning have been conducted extensively in rodents, there is a surprising lack of knowledge about the patterns of hippocampal neuronal activity or cortical- hippocampal interactions which underlie rapid learning and the development of mental schema in humans and other advanced animals. This project will take advantage of a newly available large-scale semi-chronic neurophysiological approach to understand the interactions between hippocampus, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex, which underlie both the development of schema and use of schema for rapid visual associative and abstract category learning. While much is known about how the brain processes simple sensory features (such as color, orientation, and direction of motion), less is known about how the brain learns and represents the meaning, or category, of stimuli, and how categorical knowledge is generalized to learn new tasks and concepts. A greater understanding of learning and categorization is critical for addressing a number of brain diseases, conditions, and mental illnesses (e.g. stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and stroke) that leave patients impaired in everyday tasks that require visual learning, recognition and/or evaluating and responding appropriately to sensory information. The long-term goal of this project is to guide the next generation of treatments for these brain-based diseases and disorders by helping to develop a detailed understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie learning, memory and decision making. These studies also have relevance for understanding and addressing learning disabilities, such as attention deficit disorder and dyslexia, which affect a substantial fraction of school age children and young adults. Thus, a more detailed understanding of the basic brain mechanisms underlying learning and attention will likely give important insights into the causes and potential treatments for disorders involving these cognitive faculties.

拟议研究的总结和相关性 人类和其他高级动物具有快速获取知识的非凡能力 我们的环境和学习各种复杂的任务最近的工作表明了心理的重要性。 “模式”概括从更简单的任务和概念中学到的知识，从而可以快速学习新的知识 任务和知识建立在早期学习集提供的认知支架之上。 简单的纸牌游戏，如“战争”或“老处女”，有助于学习更复杂的游戏，如“黑桃”或 “桥牌”，它建立在简单游戏的知识或模式之上，尽管是神经生理学研究。 复杂行为和学习过程中海马-皮质相互作用主要在 啮齿类动物，人们对海马神经元活动或皮质的模式缺乏了解，这令人惊讶。 海马体相互作用是人类快速学习和心理图式发展的基础 该项目将利用新近出现的大型半慢性动物。 神经生理学方法来了解海马、顶叶皮层和 前额叶皮层，它是图式发展和快速视觉图式使用的基础 联想和抽象类别学习。 虽然人们对大脑如何处理简单的感官特征（例如颜色、 方向和运动方向），关于大脑如何学习和表达含义知之甚少，或者 刺激的类别，以及如何概括类别知识来学习新的任务和概念。 对学习和分类的理解对于解决许多脑部疾病、状况、 和精神疾病（例如中风、阿尔茨海默病、注意力缺陷障碍、精神分裂症和中风） 这使得患者在需要视觉学习、识别和/或评估的日常任务中受到损害， 该项目的长期目标是指导下一步。 通过帮助开发详细的治疗方法来治疗这些基于大脑的疾病和紊乱 了解学习、记忆和决策背后的大脑机制。 也与理解和解决学习障碍有关，例如注意力缺陷障碍 和阅读障碍，影响很大一部分学龄儿童和年轻人，因此，需要进行更详细的研究。 了解学习和注意力背后的基本大脑机制可能会带来重要的影响 深入了解涉及这些认知能力的疾病的原因和潜在的治疗方法。