Cortical-Hippocampal Interactions Underlying Rapid Spatial and Non-Spatial Category Learning

快速空间和非空间类别学习背后的皮质-海马相互作用

• 批准号: 9983230
• 负责人: David J Freedman
• 金额: $ 45.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9983230
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Brain; Brain Diseases; Categories; Child; Chronic; Cognitive; Color; Complement; Complex; Computer Models; Correlation Studies; Coupled; Data Science Core; Data Set; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Dyslexia; Environment; Episodic memory; Faculty; Functional disorder; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Impairment; Knowledge; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Location; Memory; Mental disorders; Monitor; Monkeys; Motion; Neocortex; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Pharmacology; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Psyche structure; Research; Rodent; Role; Schizophrenia; School-Age Population; Sensory; Shapes; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Training; Visual; Visuospatial; War; Work; classical conditioning; complex data; flexibility; information organization; insight; learned behavior; learning ability; mental development; neurophysiology; next generation; nonhuman primate; novel strategies; relating to nervous system; scaffold; visual learning; young adult

Summary and Relevance of Proposed Research Humans and other advanced animals have a remarkable capacity to rapidly acquire knowledge about our environment and to learn a wide array of complex tasks. Recent work has shown the importance of mental “schema” in generalizing knowledge learned from simpler tasks and concepts, allowing rapid learning of new tasks and knowledge built upon the cognitive scaffold provided by earlier learning sets. For example, learning a simple card game like “war” or “old maid” facilitates learning of more complex games such as “spades” or “bridge”, which build on knowledge or schema from simpler games. Although neurophysiological studies of hippocampal-cortical interactions during complex behavior and learning have been conducted extensively in rodents, there is a surprising lack of knowledge about the patterns of hippocampal neuronal activity or cortical- hippocampal interactions which underlie rapid learning and the development of mental schema in humans and other advanced animals. This project will take advantage of a newly available large-scale semi-chronic neurophysiological approach to understand the interactions between hippocampus, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex, which underlie both the development of schema and use of schema for rapid visual associative and abstract category learning. While much is known about how the brain processes simple sensory features (such as color, orientation, and direction of motion), less is known about how the brain learns and represents the meaning, or category, of stimuli, and how categorical knowledge is generalized to learn new tasks and concepts. A greater understanding of learning and categorization is critical for addressing a number of brain diseases, conditions, and mental illnesses (e.g. stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and stroke) that leave patients impaired in everyday tasks that require visual learning, recognition and/or evaluating and responding appropriately to sensory information. The long-term goal of this project is to guide the next generation of treatments for these brain-based diseases and disorders by helping to develop a detailed understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie learning, memory and decision making. These studies also have relevance for understanding and addressing learning disabilities, such as attention deficit disorder and dyslexia, which affect a substantial fraction of school age children and young adults. Thus, a more detailed understanding of the basic brain mechanisms underlying learning and attention will likely give important insights into the causes and potential treatments for disorders involving these cognitive faculties.

拟议研究的摘要和相关性 人类和其他先进的动物具有迅速获取有关的知识的显着能力 我们的环境并学习各种复杂的任务。最近的工作表明了精神的重要性 从更简单的任务和概念中学到的知识时，“模式”可以快速学习新的知识 以较早的学习集提供的认知脚手架为基础的任务和知识。例如，学习一个 诸如“战争”或“旧女仆”之类的简单纸牌游戏有助于学习更复杂的游戏，例如“黑桃”或 “桥梁”，基于知识或简单游戏的模式。尽管神经生理研究 在复杂行为和学习过程中，海马 - 皮层相互作用已在 啮齿动物，令人惊讶的是缺乏有关海马神经元活动或皮质的模式 海马相互作用是迅速学习的基础，以及人类和 其他先进的动物。该项目将利用新的大规模半雄辩 神经生理学方法是了解海马，顶叶皮层和 前额叶皮层，这既是模式的开发和用于快速视觉的模式的使用 协会和抽象类别学习。 尽管大脑如何处理简单的感觉特征（例如颜色，但 方向和运动方向），对大脑如何学习和代表含义或 类别，刺激以及分类知识通常是学习新任务和概念的方式。更大 了解学习和类别对于解决许多脑部疾病，情况， 和精神疾病（例如中风，阿尔茨海默氏病，注意力缺陷障碍，精神分裂症和中风） 这会使患者在每天需要视觉学习，识别和/或评估和/或评估和/或 适当响应感官信息。该项目的长期目标是指导下一个 通过帮助开发详细的，为这些基于大脑的疾病和疾病的治疗 了解学习，记忆和决策的基础的大脑机制。这些研究 也与理解和解决学习障碍有关，例如注意力缺陷障碍 和阅读障碍，这会影响很大一部分儿童和年轻人。那是一个更详细的 了解学习和关注的基本大脑机制可能会带来重要的 对这些认知能力的疾病的原因和潜在疗法的见解。