Can reinforcing alternatives to food prevent weight gain in children?

强化食品替代品可以预防儿童体重增加吗？

基本信息

批准号：
9980936
负责人：
Leonard H Epstein
金额：
$ 54.97万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-01 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9980936
关键词：
8 year old 9 year old Adolescent Adult Animals Child Consumption Decision Making Eating Education Educational Status Energy Intake Environment Equilibrium Evaluation Family Food Frequencies Goals Grant Home environment Hyperphagia Impulsivity Income Individual Differences Infant Intake Laboratories Lead Leisure Activities Leisures Literature Mediating Motivation Music Non obese Obesity Parents Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical activity Predisposition Psychological reinforcement Questionnaires Research Risk Risk Factors Self Administration Sucrose Testing Thinness Time Toy Weight Weight Gain Work behavioral economics cognitive enhancement environmental enrichment for laboratory animals follow-up instrument low socioeconomic status obesity in children obesity risk prevent prospective protective effect protective factors reinforcer resilience theories

项目摘要

ABSTRACT The reinforcing value of food, or how hard someone will work to gain access to a specific food,1 is one potential mechanism for weight gain and obesity in children and adults. The reinforcing value of food is cross-sectionally related to obesity in infants,2 children3 and adults,4 and prospectively related to weight gain in children,5 adolescents6 and adults.7 While food reinforcement predicts weight gain, not everyone high in food reinforcement gains weight. One potential protective factor against weight gain is a strong reinforcing value for alternatives to food.4 Lean children find alternatives to food more reinforcing than food, while obese children find food more reinforcing than alternatives.3 Environments in which children grow up differ in terms of access to a variety of alternative reinforcers, such as reading8 and musical instruments.9 The lack of access to alternatives to food reinforcers may be a particular concern for children who grow up in families with low socioeconomic status (SES), who are at increased risk for becoming obese.10-12 We have shown in adults that the relative reinforcing value of food mediates the relationship between educational level or income level and BMI in adults.13 The overall goal of this grant is to study individual differences in food and alternatives to food reinforcement in the home environment as risk and protective factors for child weight gain. We will study 230 6- 9 year-old children who vary in food reinforcement, parental education and alternatives to food reinforcement, and carefully assess the home environment and leisure time activities. Specific aims are to test the hypotheses that the independent effects of food reinforcement and alternative reinforcers, and the relative balance of food reinforcement to alternative reinforcers, predicts weight gain (Specific Aim 1), that a home environment with opportunities for participation in, enjoyment of and access to a variety of leisure and physical activities is related to high reinforcing value of alternatives to food (Specific Aim 2), that a home environment with greater availability of unhealthy foods is related to high reinforcing value of food (Specific Aim 3), that the relative reinforcing value of food mediates the relationship between low parental education and increased risk of obesity in children (Specific Aim 4), and that parental relative reinforcing value of food predicts child relative reinforcing value of food (Specific Aim 5).

抽象的食物的增强价值，或某人将如何努力获得特定食物，1是一种潜力儿童和成人体重增加和肥胖的机制。食物的增强价值是横截面与婴儿，2名儿童和成人，4个以及与儿童体重增加有关的肥胖有关，5个青少年6和成人。7虽然食物加强可以预测体重增加，但并不是每个人都在食物中含量高加固会增加体重。抵抗体重增加的潜在保护因素是强大的增强价值食物的替代品。4精益儿童找到比食物更强化的食物的替代品，而肥胖的孩子找到比替代品更强化的食物。3儿童成长的环境在访问方面有所不同对于各种替代增强剂，例如Ready8和乐器。9缺乏访问权限对于在低位家庭中成长的儿童，食品增强剂的替代品可能是一个特别关注的问题社会经济地位（SES），他们有肥胖的风险增加。10-12我们在成年人中表明食品的相对增强价值介导教育水平或收入水平之间的关系以及成人BMI。13这笔赠款的总体目标是研究食物的个体差异和食物的替代品在家庭环境中的加强是儿童体重增加的风险和保护因素。我们将研究230 6- 9岁的儿童在食品增强，父母教育和粮食加固的替代方案中有所不同，并仔细评估家庭环境和休闲时间活动。具体目的是检验假设食物增强和替代增强剂的独立影响以及食物的相对平衡预测体重增加的替代增强剂（特定目的1），是一个带有的家庭环境参与，享受和获得各种休闲和体育活动的机会是与食物的替代品的高增强价值有关（特定目标2），该环境具有更大的不健康食品的可用性与食物的高增强价值有关（特定目的3）增强食品的价值介导了低父母教育与增加的风险之间的关系儿童的肥胖症（特定目标4），而父母的相对增强价值可以预测儿童的相对增强食物的价值（特定目标5）。