Neuroscience of Marijuana Impaired Driving

大麻驾驶障碍的神经科学

• 批准号: 9930252
• 负责人: GODFREY D PEARLSON
• 金额: $ 1.05万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9930252
• 关键词: Accidents; Acute; Address; Affect; Alcohols; Anatomy; Anterior; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Biological; Blood; Brain; Cannabidiol; Cannabinoids; Cannabinol; Cannabis; Cause of Death; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Data; Dependence; Dose; Double-Blind Method; Driving While Intoxicated; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hour; Immersion Investigative Technique; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Inhalation; Intoxication; Laboratories; Law Enforcement; Legal; Link; Liquid substance; Marijuana; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Motor Vehicles; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Oral; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Placebos; Policies; Procedures; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Risk; Saliva; Salivary; Sampling; Severities; Smoke; Social Class; Standardization; Strategic Planning; Task Performances; Testing; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Time; Traffic accidents; United States; Vaporizer; Vehicle crash; Visit; Visual; alcohol and other drug; automobile accident; base; behavior change; cognitive performance; cognitive task; cognitive testing; design; driving behavior; driving safety; drug of abuse; experience; field sobriety tests; impaired driving performance; injured; marijuana smoke; marijuana use; marijuana user; neural circuit; novel; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; salivary assay; screening; skills; sobriety; social; virtual

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving while intoxicated on cannabis is a major and growing public health problem. Driving safety is an important issue in the United States as more than 3 million persons are reported injured and >40,000 die annually in motor vehicle crashes. Traffic accidents are the greatest single cause of death in 5-32 year-olds; many are due to intoxicated drivers. Cannabis (CNB) is a commonly abused drug whose use cuts across social class, is linked to cognitive impairment, is a major contributor to intoxication-related accidents either alone or with alcohol. However, CNB intoxication is little studied in relation to driving compared to alcohol. Not only does the current NHTSA Strategic Plan for Behavioral Research prioritize understanding how drugs other than alcohol contribute to traffic crashes, it has recentl become more pressing to understand the effects of CNB because of increasing rates of legalized medical and/or recreational use, that will likely result in more CNB intoxicated drivers. Social and legal policy will be unable to effectively address the many concerns about driving safety raised by more frequent and widespread use of CNB without new research to better determine the parameters within which CNB use does, or does not, increase automobile accident risk. Our purpose is to better describe specific, driving-related cognitive impairments caused by acute CNB intoxication, their persistence over time, underlying functional brain anatomy, and relationship to performance on a state-of the art validated simulated driving task in which we have prior experience. In a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blinded fashion, we will administer two CNB doses and placebo of smoked cannabis (paced inhalation using a vaporizer) to 48 regular and 48 occasional cannabis users on 3 separate occasions. Following CNB dosing we will assess cognitive and driving impairment longitudinally for several hours using a combination of fMRI and neuropsychological tests, to clarify relationships between subjective and objective measures of intoxication and of impairment, that include expert assessment of THC and its metabolite levels in blood and saliva.

 描述（适用提供）：在大麻上醉酒时开车是一个重大的公共卫生问题。在美国，驾驶安全是一个重要的问题，因为据报道有300万人受伤，每年有40,000人死亡。交通事故是5-32岁的最大死亡原因。许多是由于陶醉的驾驶员。大麻（CNB）是一种常见的滥用药物，其在社会阶层中使用的使用与认知障碍有关，是单独或与酒精有关的与中毒有关的事故的主要贡献者。但是，与酒精相比，与驾驶有关的CNB次毒素很少研究。当前的NHTSA行为研究战略计划不仅优先了解酒精以外的其他药物如何导致交通事故的贡献，而且由于合法化的医疗和/或娱乐性使用率的增加，它可能更加紧迫地了解CNB的效果，这可能会导致CNB更具陶醉的驱动因素。 社会和法律政策将无法有效解决有关在没有新研究的情况下更频繁地使用CNB提出的驾驶安全性的许多问题，无法更好地确定CNB使用或不增加汽车事故风险的参数。我们的目的是更好地描述由CNB急性中毒，随着时间的推移的持久性，功能性大脑解剖结构的持久性以及与性能的关系，在我们先前具有先前经验的模拟驾驶任务中，其功能性脑部解剖结构以及与性能的关系。以一种随机，平衡，双盲的方式，我们将在3个不同的场合中管理两种CNB剂量和安慰剂的烟熏大麻（使用蒸发器的节奏吸入）和48个常规和48个偶尔的大麻使用者。 CNB剂量后，我们将使用fMRI和神经心理学测试的组合纵向评估认知和驱动障碍，以阐明中毒和损害的主观和客观测量之间的关系，包括对血液和血液中THC的专家评估及其在血液和唾液中的代谢水平。