Functional Brain Networks Mediating Individual Differences in Valence Bias

调节价偏向个体差异的功能性大脑网络

• 批准号: 9923464
• 负责人: Maital Neta
• 金额: $ 39.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-05 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9923464
• 关键词: 11 year old; 13 year old; 17 year old; Accidents; Address; Adolescent; Adopted; Adult; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anger; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Data; Data Analytics; Development; Disease; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Facial Expression; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Image; Individual; Individual Differences; Judgment; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Mood Disorders; Moods; Negative Valence; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Participant; Patients; Population; Positive Valence; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Process; Psychopathology; Puberty; Regulation; Research; Rest; Risk Factors; Role; Sex Differences; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Techniques; Time; Translating; United States; Work; age group; base; clinically significant; design; emotion regulation; experience; graph theory; improved; innovation; insight; neuromechanism; novel strategies; patient population; prevent; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; showing emotion; social; statistics; tool; vector

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Major depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the United States, afflicting an estimated 20 million people in the United States in 2013. The statistics for anxiety disorders are even more staggering, with twice the prevalence of depression and an average onset estimated at 11 years of age. Though these disorders, characterized by a negativity bias, are both widespread and debilitating, their neurobiological bases and risk factors remain poorly understood. This project will address these gaps by examining the mechanisms underlying the extent of an individual's negativity bias and regulatory strategies that override this negativity. Images of emotional facial expressions are a useful tool for examining negativity bias and its regulation. For instance, some expressions provide clear information about the emotions and intentions of others (e.g., happy or angry) whereas others are ambiguous (e.g., surprise) because they signal both positive (e.g., a surprise party) and negative outcomes (e.g., witnessing an accident). When experienced without a clarifying context, surprised expressions provide insight into an individual's disposition: they are stably interpreted as positive by some people and as negative by others. The PI's prior work demonstrated that the “initial, automatic” interpretation is negative (i.e., even for people who eventually interpret the expression as positive). Positive interpretations may then require an additional regulatory process in the brain that overrides this initial negativity — one that only some individuals adopt naturally. Interestingly, children show a stronger negativity bias than adults, which is likely attributable to weaker regulatory mechanisms in children. The goal of the proposed research is to use state-of-the-art brain imaging and analysis techniques to advance the understanding of the biological mechanisms of the valence bias (i.e., the tendency for an individual to interpret surprise as positive or negative). By identifying the mechanisms underlying this bias, this project will support the broad, long-term objective of developing new approaches to predict, prevent, and treat the negativity bias associated with mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. The three aims are: 1) Determine extent to which resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the amygdala and cingulo- opercular network (CO) networks predicts positive valence bias in adults. fMRI data will be collected from adults to determine if greater functional connectivity in regulatory networks is associated with positive bias. 2) Determine extent to which RSFC in the amygdala and CO networks is responsible for the developmental transition from a negative valence bias in childhood to individual differences in adulthood. Similar data will be collected in children/adolescents to characterize the transition away from the negative bias in childhood. 3) Identify the role of regional brain reactivity and explicit emotion regulation in valence bias. fMRI data will be collected from participants of all ages while they passively view facial expressions of emotion and in a task that requires regulating the natural emotional response in order to examine these effects on valence bias.

项目摘要/摘要 严重抑郁症是美国最常见的精神疾病之一，遭受了估计的 2013年美国有2000万人。焦虑症的统计数据更加惊人， 抑郁症的患病率是抑郁症的两倍，平均发作估计为11岁。虽然这些 以神经症为特征的疾病既宽度又使人衰弱，它们的神经生物学基础 风险因素仍然了解不足。该项目将通过检查机制来解决这些差距 覆盖个人的谈判偏见和监管策略的范围，以覆盖这一谈判。 情绪表情的图像是检查谈判偏见及其调节的有用工具。 例如，某些表达式提供了有关他人情绪和意图的明确信息（例如， 快乐或生气），而其他人则是模棱两可的（例如，惊喜），因为它们都表明了既积极的信号（例如 令人惊讶的政党）和负面结果（例如，目睹事故）。当经验而没有澄清的时候 上下文，令人惊讶的表达提供了对个人倾向的见解：它们被稳定地解释为 某些人积极，而其他人则是负面的。 PI的先前工作表明“最初， 自动解释是负面的（即，即使对于有时将表达为正面的人来说，也是负面的）。 然后，积极的解释可能需要大脑中的其他调节过程，以覆盖 最初的谈判 - 只有一些人自然而然地采用的谈判。有趣的是，孩子们表现出 与成年人相比，负面偏见更强，这可能归因于儿童的调节机制较弱。 拟议的研究的目的是将最新的脑成像和分析技术用于 促进对价偏差的生物学机制的理解（即 个人将惊喜解释为正面或负面）。通过确定这种偏见的机制， 项目将支持开发新方法来预测，预防和治疗的广泛，长期目标 与情绪障碍（如抑郁和动画）相关的谈判偏见。这三个目标是： 1）确定杏仁核和cingulo-中的静止状态功能连通性（RSFC）在多大程度上 Opercular Network（CO）网络预测成年人的正价偏差。 FMRI数据将从 成年人确定监管网络中较大的功能连通性是否与正偏差有关。 2）确定杏仁核和CO网络中的RSFC在多大程度上负责发展 从童年的负面价偏见过渡到成年的个体差异。类似的数据将 可以在儿童/青少年中收集，以表征从童年的负面偏见的过渡。 3）确定局部大脑反应性和显式情绪调节在价偏差中的作用。 fMRI数据将是 从各个年龄段的参与者中收集，而他们被动地看待情感的面部表情和任务 这需要确定自然情绪反应，以检查这些对价偏差的影响。