Sex-specific adaptation to different resistance exercise programs in older adults

老年人对不同阻力运动项目的性别特异性适应

• 批准号: 9912679
• 负责人: Mark Stuart Miller
• 金额: $ 48.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9912679
• 关键词: Actins; Activities of Daily Living; Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Anatomy; Area; Data; Development; Drug Design; Drug Targeting; Elderly; Exercise; Experimental Designs; Fiber; Functional disorder; Health; Intervention; Kinetics; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Leg; Measures; Mechanics; Microfilaments; Mission; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Muscle; Muscle function; Myosin ATPase; Myosin Heavy Chains; Myosin Light Chains; Output; Performance; Pharmacologic Substance; Phosphorylation; Physical Function; Post-Translational Protein Processing; Prevalence; Production; Protein Isoforms; Proteins; Public Health; Regimen; Research; Resistance; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Skeletal Muscle; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Torque; Training; Training Programs; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Woman; Work; age related; base; biological research; clinical care; comparative efficacy; design; disability; drug development; exercise intervention; exercise prescription; exercise program; exercise training; experience; functional disability; improved; insight; men; new therapeutic target; novel; older men; older women; oxidation; prevent; protein expression; resistance exercise; response; sedentary; sex; strength training; therapy design; translational approach; volunteer

PROJECT SUMMARY In general, men and women experience differing degrees of age-related decreases in physical function, with women having a greater prevalence of functional limitations and disability. A key predictor of this decrease in functional capacity is the reduction in leg muscle maximal power (product of force and velocity), which can be improved with exercise training. However, the development of exercise interventions to optimally improve skeletal muscle function in older adults has been difficult, in part because we now know that men and women respond differently to the same exercise training stimulus. In fact, the fundamental mechanisms by which habitual exercise improves physical function in older adults are still not well understood. The proposed studies, which build upon our recent work, are designed to address these knowledge gaps by examining the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the response to two distinct exercise training paradigms, and determining how these responses differ between older men and women. We hypothesize that molecular, cellular and whole muscle contractile performance will be most improved in men by traditional low-velocity, high-load resistance training, and in women by high-velocity, low-load power training. Moreover, sex-specific structural responses in myofilament remodeling, protein expression and post- translational modifications will explain these sex-specific performance adaptations to each modality. To test our hypotheses, data will be gathered from 50 healthy, sedentary older men and women (65-75 years) prior to and following a 16-week unilateral exercise training program in which one leg undergoes resistance training and the other power training. The Specific Aims of this project are to identify the sex-specific effects of low-velocity resistance training versus high-velocity power training on: Aim 1) skeletal muscle function at the molecular, cellular and whole muscle levels, and Aim 2) protein expression and modification as well as size at the molecular and cellular levels. Our within subject, unilateral intervention design provides a powerful model to minimize the effects of between-subject variability, and our translational approach will take advantage of our unique expertise with state-of-the-art measures from the molecular to whole body levels. Our results will challenge conventional wisdom by determining the sex-specific responses in intrinsic skeletal muscle adaptations to different exercise training programs. We will advance scientific knowledge by providing critically- needed information regarding the specific molecular and cellular determinants that support exercise-induced improvements in muscle performance. This knowledge will have a significant positive impact on the clinical care of older adults by providing novel insight about optimal exercise interventions to improve skeletal muscle function in each sex, and by identifying potential new therapeutic targets for pharmaceutical interventions. Thus, this project is highly relevant to the mission and vision of NIA to support biological research to mitigate conditions associated with aging that may limit health and independence in older adults.

项目摘要一般，男人和女人的年龄相关程度不同 身体机能，女性的功能局限性和残疾的患病率更高。钥匙 该功能能力下降的预测指标是腿部肌肉最大力量的降低（力的产物 和速度），可以通过运动训练来改善。但是，锻炼的发展 在老年人中最佳改善骨骼肌功能的干预措施很困难，部分原因是我们 现在知道，男人和女人对相同的运动训练刺激的反应不同。实际上， 习惯运动改善老年人身体机能的基本机制仍然不好 理解。拟议的研究以我们最近的工作为基础，旨在解决这些问题 通过检查对两个不同的反应的基础的分子和细胞机制，通过研究知识差距 运动训练范例，并确定老年男女之间的这些反应有何不同。我们 假设男性的分子，细胞和整个肌肉收缩性能将得到最大改善 通过传统的低速度，高负载抵抗训练，以及女性通过高速，低负载功率 训练。此外，肌丝重塑，蛋白质表达和后的性别特异性结构反应 翻译的修改将解释这些特定性别的性能适应每种方式。测试我们的 假设，数据将在50位健康，久坐的老年男女（65 - 75年）之前收集 遵循16周的单方面运动训练计划，其中一条腿接受抵抗训练和 其他电力训练。该项目的具体目的是确定低速性的性别特定效果 电阻训练与高速功率训练：AIM 1）分子处的骨骼肌功能， 细胞和整个肌肉水平，目标2）蛋白质表达和修饰以及大小 分子和细胞水平。我们内部主题，单方面干预设计为 最大程度地减少受试者间变异性的影响，我们的翻译方法将利用我们的优势 独特的专业知识，具有从分子到整个身体水平的最先进的措施。我们的结果将会 通过确定内在骨骼肌肉的性别反应来挑战传统观点 适应不同的运动培训计划。我们将通过提供批判性来提高科学知识 - 有关支持运动诱导的特定分子和细胞决定因素的所需信息 肌肉表现的改善。这些知识将对临床产生重大积极影响 通过提供有关改善骨骼肌肉的最佳运动干预措施的新颖见解来照顾老年人 在每种性别中的功能，并通过确定潜在的药物干预措施的新治疗靶标。 因此，该项目与NIA的使命和愿景高度相关，以支持生物学研究以减轻 与衰老有关的条件可能会限制老年人的健康和独立性。