An ethno-epidemiological study of the implementation and effectiveness of an innovative and comprehensive response to the opioid epidemic

针对阿片类药物流行病的创新和综合应对措施的实施和有效性的民族流行病学研究

• 批准号: 9910376
• 负责人: Thomas Kerr
• 金额: $ 34.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9910376
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acute; Address; Adult; American Medical Association; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; British Columbia; Canada; Caring; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical Practice Guideline; Clinical Research; Clinics and Hospitals; Cohort Studies; Communities; Community Health; Complement; Complex; Congresses; Continuity of Patient Care; Data; Data Collection; Diagnosis; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Monitoring; Drug usage; Drug user; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Emergency response; Environment; Epidemiology; Ethnography; Evidence based intervention; Evidence based practice; Evidence based treatment; Federal Government; Fentanyl; Funding; Goals; HIV Seronegativity; HIV Seropositivity; HIV/HCV; Harm Reduction; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Systems; Hospitals; Individual; Infrastructure; Injections; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Interview; Journals; Link; Longitudinal cohort study; Maintenance Therapy; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Natural History; North America; Opioid; Opioid agonist; Opioid replacement therapy; Outcome; Overdose; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Public Health; Qualitative Methods; Research; Research Infrastructure; Risk; Sampling; Services; Shapes; Site; Social Sciences; Strategic Planning; Supervision; Techniques; Training Programs; Treatment outcome; United States; Youth; addiction; base; cohort; community partnership; cost; epidemiology study; experience; implementation science; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary collaboration; mortality; novel; opioid agonist therapy; opioid epidemic; opioid injection; opioid overdose; opioid use; opioid use disorder; opioid user; programs; public health emergency; public health intervention; recruit; response; scale up; social structure

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT North America’s opioid epidemic is a major driver of morbidity and mortality, with opioid-related overdoses becoming the leading cause of accidental death and opioid injecting driving HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) outbreaks. To date, there has been a lack of research into individual and extra-individual influences on the implementation and effectiveness of comprehensive and innovative responses to the opioid epidemic. As a consequence, there is a lack of understanding regarding how to optimize the response to the opioid epidemic, as well as the combination of interventions that are most effective in reducing opioid-related harms. Based in Vancouver, Canada, the proposed research will employ an innovative ethno-epidemiological approach to explore: (1) the implementation of innovative and comprehensive opioid-focused interventions and their impact on opioid-related outcomes; (2) the impact of the integration of evidence-based practices in the management of opioid use disorders (OUD) across the continuum of care on addiction treatment outcomes; and, (3) social, structural, and environmental influences on access to and retention in evidence-based treatment, and the onward impact on opioid-related outcomes. As the site of one of North America’s most comprehensive responses to the opioid epidemic, Vancouver is the ideal setting to undertake the proposed research. Vancouver has implemented innovative opioid-focused interventions that are currently being considered – but are not yet available – elsewhere in the US and Canada, including: supervised injection services; low-threshold opioid agonist therapies; opioid maintenance therapy; and, fentanyl-based drug checking and monitoring services. Additionally, locally-developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of OUD (recently profiled in JAMA) are being implemented across acute, residential, and community care settings alongside other changes to the healthcare system, including the systematic integration of opioid-focused treatment and harm reduction programming into hospital settings. The proposed study will be nested within the research infrastructure of the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, which includes three NIDA-funded, longitudinal cohort studies that include opioid-using PWUD (HIV-negative and HIV-positive) and drug-using street-involved youth (SY) and are linked to external health and spatial data. Thus, this approach offers a ‘value-added’ opportunity to harness these cohort studies to undertake epidemiologically and spatially-informed sampling and targeted recruitment of PWUD and SY and collect qualitative data that can be triangulated with cohort-based and external data. Extending our ethno- epidemiological research to examine this comprehensive response to the opioid epidemic will result in a more complete understanding of influences on opioid-focused interventions than is possible through epidemiological research alone. The proposed research is aligned with the NIDA Strategic Plan (2016-2021), and will generate evidence that will be critical to informing the optimization and scale-up of the response to the opioid epidemic.

项目概要/摘要 北美阿片类药物流行是发病率和死亡率的主要驱动因素，与阿片类药物相关的过量用药 成为意外死亡和阿片类药物注射导致艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎 (HCV) 爆发的主要原因。 迄今为止，缺乏对个人和个人外对实施的影响的研究 因此，对阿片类药物流行病采取全面和创新的应对措施的有效性。 对如何优化对阿片类药物流行病的反应缺乏了解，以及 减少阿片类药物相关危害最有效的干预措施组合 总部位于温哥华， 在加拿大，拟议的研究将采用创新的民族流行病学方法来探索：（1） 实施以阿片类药物为重点的创新和综合干预措施及其对阿片类药物相关问题的影响 结果；(2) 将循证实践纳入阿片类药物使用管理的影响 整个护理过程中的疾病（OUD）对成瘾治疗结果的影响；（3）社会、结构和 环境对获得和保留循证治疗的影响，以及对循证治疗的后续影响 作为北美对阿片类药物最全面的反应网站之一。 疫情期间，温哥华是开展温哥华已实施的研究的理想场所。 目前正在考虑以阿片类药物为重点的创新干预措施，但尚未实施 美国和加拿大其他地方，包括： 低阈值阿片类激动剂注射服务； 疗法；阿片类药物维持治疗；以及基于芬太尼的药物检查和监测服务。 当地制定的 OUD 管理临床实践指南（最近在 JAMA 中进行了介绍）正在制定中 与医疗保健的其他变化一起在急性、住院和社区护理环境中实施 系统，包括将以阿片类药物为重点的治疗和减少伤害规划系统地纳入 拟议的研究将嵌套在不列颠哥伦比亚省的研究基础设施内。 艾滋病毒/艾滋病卓越中心，其中包括三项由 NIDA 资助的纵向队列研究，其中包括 使用阿片类药物的 PWUD（HIV 阴性和 HIV 阳性）和吸毒街头青年 (SY) 并与 因此，这种方法提供了利用这些群体的“增值”机会。 研究进行流行病学和空间信息抽样以及有针对性地招募残疾人士和 SY 并收集可与基于队列的数据和外部数据进行三角测量的定性数据 - 扩展我们的种族。 检验对阿片类药物流行病的全面应对措施的流行病学研究将导致更多 比流行病学更全面地了解对以阿片类药物为重点的干预措施的影响 拟议的研究与 NIDA 战略计划（2016-2021）保持一致，并将产生 这些证据对于优化和扩大阿片类药物流行病的应对措施至关重要。