Male Incarceration, the Health Care Service Environment and Sexual Health

男性监禁、医疗服务环境与性健康

基本信息

批准号：
8611971
负责人：
Emily Russell
金额：
$ 1.81万
依托单位：
EMORY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-02-01 至 2014-06-27
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8611971
关键词：
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Address Adult Affect African American Age Area Behavior Censuses Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Communities Community Health Computer software Data Environment Epidemic Equipment and supply inventories Female Future Geographic Locations Goals HIV HIV-2 Health Health Services Health Services Accessibility Healthy People 2020 Heterosexuals Housing Imprisonment Individual Interview Jail Left Life Linear Models Literature Location Maintenance Mediator of activation protein Methods Modeling Neighborhoods Outcome Policies Population Principal Investigator Prisons Process Program Development Public Health Qualitative Methods Reporting Reproductive Health Research Research Personnel Risk Behaviors Sex Ratio Sexual Health Sexual Partners Sexually Transmitted Diseases Social Environment Time United States Woman Work abstracting contextual factors experience health disparity male men social social cognitive theory statistics surveillance data transmission process

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Compared to areas with low rates of incarceration, areas with higher rates of incarceration have higher and increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (hereafter STIs).[1,2] One study also found a statistically significant association between rates of male incarceration and rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).[1] Few studies have examined these relationships and even fewer studies have been conducted to explore the reasons for these higher rates. This proposed mixed-method study will use the Social Cognitive Theory and the Social Ecological Model to fill this critical gap. The following three research aims seek to look beyond the individual and consider environmental contextual factors: Aim 1: Using qualitative methods, examine and compare the processes through which male: female sex ratios influence sexual networks and partnership formation and maintenance among heterosexual African-American women living in two types of census tracts: a tract that has higher male incarceration rates and a tract that has lower male incarceration rates; Aim 2: Investigate the relationship between male incarceration rates and rates of HIV and other STIs in Atlanta census tracts over time (2005- 2010); Aim 3: Explore health care service availability as a moderator of the relationship between rates of male incarceration and rates of HIV and other STIs. The long term objective of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how male incarceration rates and the health care service environment influence individuallevel sexual and reproductive health. The information gained by achieving the aims of this study could be used to inform the development of programs and policies aimed at mitigating the adverse impact of rates of male incarceration on the transmission of HIV and other STIs. The principal investigator (hereafter PI) will use qualitative methods to achieve Aim 1 and quantitative methods to achieve Aims 2 and 3. Qualitative methods are best suited to address Aim 1 because these methods are particularly useful for understanding contextual influences and also for discovery,[3-5] both of which are important for emerging research on the macro-social determinants of STIs and HIV. The PI will interview women from two Atlanta, GA census tracts, one that has a high male incarceration rate and a low male: female sex ratio, and the other that has a low male incarceration rate and a male: female sex ratio close to 1.00. Interviews will focus on sexual networks and romantic partnership formation and maintenance. To achieve Aims 2 and 3, U.S. decennial data, STI and HIV/AIDS surveillance data, incarceration data and an inventory of health care service locations will be used to analyze the relationship between incarceration rates and STI/HIV rates in Atlanta GA census tracts, and to investigate whether spatial access to healthcare moderates these relationships. Geographic Information Software (GIS), PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS) and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) software will be used in these analyses.

项目概要/摘要与监禁率低的地区相比，监禁率较高的地区性传播感染（以下简称 STI）的比率较高，而且还在不断增加。[1,2] 一项研究还发现，男性监禁率与男性监禁率之间存在统计上显着的关联。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。[1]很少有研究考察这些关系，而探索这些较高比率的原因的研究就更少了。这项拟议的混合方法研究将使用社会认知理论和社会生态模型来填补这一关键空白。以下三个研究目标力求超越个人并考虑环境背景因素：目标 1：使用定性方法，检查和比较男女性别比例影响异性恋非裔美国女性性网络以及伙伴关系形成和维持的过程居住在两种类型的人口普查区域：男性监禁率较高的区域和男性监禁率较低的区域；目标 2：调查亚特兰大人口普查区男性监禁率与艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染率之间的关系（2005-2010 年）；目标 3：探索医疗保健服务的可用性作为男性监禁率与艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染率之间关系的调节因素。这项研究的长期目标是更好地了解男性监禁率和医疗保健服务环境如何影响个人层面的性健康和生殖健康。通过实现本研究的目标而获得的信息可用于制定旨在减轻男性监禁率对艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染传播的不利影响的计划和政策。首席研究员（以下简称 PI）将使用定性方法来实现目标 1，使用定量方法来实现目标 2 和 3。定性方法最适合解决目标 1，因为这些方法对于理解背景影响和发现特别有用，[ 3-5] 两者对于性传播感染和艾滋病毒宏观社会决定因素的新兴研究都很重要。 PI 将采访来自佐治亚州亚特兰大两个人口普查区的女性，其中一个人口普查区男性监禁率较高且男女性别比较低，另一个人口普查区男性监禁率较低且男女性别比接近 1.00 。访谈将重点关注性网络以及浪漫伙伴关系的形成和维持。为了实现目标 2 和 3，美国十年一次的数据、性传播感染和艾滋病毒/艾滋病监测数据、监禁数据和医疗保健服务地点清单将用于分析佐治亚州亚特兰大人口普查区的监禁率与性传播感染/艾滋病毒发生率之间的关系，并调查医疗保健的空间获取是否会调节这些关系。这些分析将使用地理信息软件 (GIS)、PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS) 和分层线性建模 (HLM) 软件。