Carbon nanotube fiber and yarn microelectrodes for high temporal resolution measu

用于高时间分辨率测量的碳纳米管纤维和纱线微电极

• 批准号: 8701642
• 负责人: B. JILL VENTON
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8701642
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Adenosine; Adsorption; Affect; Ascorbic Acid; Behavior; Behavior Control; Biological; Brain; Carbon Nanotubes; Characteristics; Chemicals; Coagulants; Data; Detection; Disease; Disease model; Dopamine; Drug Addiction; Electrodes; Fiber; Fingerprint; Fire - disasters; Future; Goals; Histamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Knowledge; Lead; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Microelectrodes; Mission; Monitor; Nature; Neuromodulator; Neurotransmitters; Norepinephrine; Organism; Outcome; Oxides; Physiologic pulse; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Property; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Scanning; Serotonin; Signal Transduction; Surface; Surface Properties; Techniques; Testing; Time; Work; addiction; base; burden of illness; carbon fiber; chemical kinetics; dopaminergic neuron; drug of abuse; improved; in vivo; instrumentation; millisecond; multi walled carbon nanotube; nervous system disorder; neurotransmission; neurotransmitter release; new technology; public health relevance; research study; sensor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Real-time measurements of neurotransmitters are critical for understanding how chemical signaling is controlled in the brain and how it malfunctions during neurological diseases. Regulation of neurotransmission occurs on a millisecond time scale but monitoring neurotransmitter concentrations has been instrumentally limited to the second to minute time scale. Neurotransmitter measurements require both high temporal resolution and high sensitivity, as nanomolar concentration changes are expected. The goal of this research is to develop high sensitivity, high temporal resolution electrochemical sensors to understand the regulation of dopamine concentrations on a millisecond time scale. The strategy is to fabricate high sensitivity carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn and CNT fiber microelectrodes for high temporal resolution measurements with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). FSCV provides both a fingerprint for identification of the species being detected and high temporal resolution. However, the scan is usually repeated at 100 ms intervals with traditional carbon-fiber microelectrodes because sensitivity decreases with increasing repetition rate. Preliminary data show that CNT yarn and CNT fiber microelectrodes do not suffer from this drawback and can be used with rapid repetition rates. The CNT microelectrodes are expected to provide a 1 nM limit of detection with 2 ms temporal resolution, which is sufficient to characterize dopamine release after single stimulation pulses in vivo for the first time. The firs aim is to study CNT fibers as microelectrode materials. The fibers are made by wet spinning techniques, by extruding CNTs into a coagulant such as polyethyleneimine. The second aim is to test CNT yarns as microelectrode sensors. CNT yarns are a commercial material that is made by twisting aligned CNT arrays into aligned CNT yarns. For both CNT yarn and CNT fiber microelectrodes, the effects of oxide functionalization on adsorption and electrochemical properties will be studied. The best sensors will be used to characterize dopamine release in vivo to show that they are useful for high temporal resolution measurements in a biological sample. The ability to measure release from a single stimulation pulse will enable the hypothesis that the interval between single stimulations during burst firing regulates the amount of dopamine release to be tested. This work is significant because it will overcome a critical instrumentation barrier for monitoring dopamine release and allow the first characterization of dopamine on the millisecond time scale, 50-times faster than currently possible. This will open the door for future studies of how millisecond regulation of dopamine impacts diseases, such as addiction. These sensors could also be implemented to monitor other electroactive compounds including adenosine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine, ascorbic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the potential impact is a better understanding of the millisecond regulation of many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经递质的实时测量对于理解化学信号在大脑中如何控制以及在神经系统疾病期间如何发生故障至关重要。 神经传递的调节发生在毫秒的时间尺度上，但监测神经递质浓度在仪器上仅限于秒到分钟的时间尺度。 神经递质测量需要高时间分辨率和高灵敏度，因为预计纳摩尔浓度变化。 这项研究的目标是开发高灵敏度、高时间分辨率的电化学传感器，以了解多巴胺浓度在毫秒时间尺度上的调节。 该策略是制造高灵敏度碳纳米管（CNT）纱线和CNT纤维微电极，用于通过快速扫描循环伏安法（FSCV）进行高时间分辨率测量。 FSCV 提供了用于识别被检测物种的指纹和高时间分辨率。 然而，传统碳纤维微电极通常以 100 毫秒的间隔重复扫描，因为灵敏度随着重复率的增加而降低。 初步数据表明，碳纳米管纱线和碳纳米管纤维微电极没有这个缺点，并且可以快速重复使用。 CNT 微电极预计可提供 1 nM 的检测限和 2 ms 的时间分辨率，这足以 首次表征体内单次刺激脉冲后多巴胺的释放。 第一个目标是研究碳纳米管纤维作为微电极材料。 这些纤维是通过湿纺技术将碳纳米管挤出到聚乙烯亚胺等凝固剂中制成的。 第二个目标是测试碳纳米管纱线作为微电极传感器。 CNT 纱线是一种商业材料，通过将对齐的 CNT 阵列加捻成对齐的 CNT 纱线而制成。 对于碳纳米管纱线和碳纳米管纤维微电极，将研究氧化物功能化对吸附和电化学性能的影响。 最好的传感器将用于表征体内多巴胺释放，以表明它们可用于生物样品中的高时间分辨率测量。 测量单个刺激脉冲释放的能力将使得以下假设成为可能：突发放电期间单个刺激之间的间隔调节待测试的多巴胺释放量。 这项工作意义重大，因为它将克服监测多巴胺释放的关键仪器障碍，并允许在毫秒时间尺度上首次表征多巴胺，比目前的速度快 50 倍。 这将为未来研究多巴胺的毫秒调节如何影响成瘾等疾病打开大门。 这些传感器还可以用于监测其他电活性化合物，包括腺苷、血清素、去甲肾上腺素、组胺、抗坏血酸和过氧化氢。 因此，潜在的影响是更好地理解许多神经递质和神经调节剂的毫秒调节。