Racism-Based Trauma, Emerging Adults, and Substance Abuse

基于种族主义的创伤、青少年和药物滥用

• 批准号: 9756646
• 负责人: Robert O Motley
• 金额: $ 3.1万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-08 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9756646
• 关键词: Address; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Americas; Anger; Area; Cities; Communities; County; Data; Emotional; Enrollment; Event; Exposure to; Fathers; Focus Groups; Frequencies; Homicide; Individual; Interpersonal Violence; Investigation; Justice; Knowledge; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Methodology; Missouri; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nature; Pain; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Pilot Projects; Police; Police officer; Population; Populations at Risk; Prevalence; Prevention program; Professional Role; Property; Psychometrics; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk Factors; Saints; Sampling; Science; Services; Standardization; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; Symptoms; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Trauma; United States; Victimization; Violence; assault; base; career; cognitive interview; community college; dissemination research; emerging adult; experience; intervention program; killings; perpetrators; racial discrimination; racism; research data dissemination; skills; substance use prevention; teacher; trauma symptom; traumatic event; violence exposure; welfare

Abstract Community violence exposure (CVE) among Black emerging adults ages 18-29 in the United States is a major public health concern given its prevalence49 and association with substance use49,52. However, the nature of the relationship between CVE and substance use when the perpetrator(s) of the violence has an entrusted professional role to serve, enhance, or safe guard the welfare of the citizens they serve (e.g., police officers, doctors, teachers, etc.) and the violence (e.g., homicide and other types of serious physical harm) is experienced as a racism-based traumatic event (sudden, out of one’s control, emotionally painful, prejudicial, and discriminatory) is unknown. Exposure to police use of force in America is one type of CVE that has attracted national attention1,33,43. Nationally, Black emerging adults are three to four times more likely to experience exposure to police threat or use of force and two to three times more likely to be unarmed and killed in comparison to their white counterparts21,61,62. Prior research suggests that this type of CVE may be experienced as a racism-based traumatic event7,9. The Classes of Racism Frequency of Racial Experiences (CRFRE) measure12 was developed to assess individuals’ exposure to perceived racism-based events. However, the CRFRE hostile-racism scale does not capture exposure to perceived racism-based police use of force events or the range of police use of force events that are most salient for a population. In addition, the nature of the relationship between exposure to racism-based police use of force, racism-based trauma symptoms, and substance use is unknown. Therefore, the proposed study will 1) Identify key survey items to add to the CRFRE hostile-racism scale that capture exposure to racism-based police use of force among a sample of Black emerging adults receiving services from Fathers’ Support Center or St. Louis County Justice Services in Saint Louis, Missouri, or enrolled in St. Louis Community College 2) Conduct a pilot study to test the psychometric properties of the revised CRFRE scale, and 3) Test the potential mediating effect of racism- based trauma symptoms on the relationship between exposure to racism-based police use of force and substance use. Findings from the study will advance our methodology for quantifying exposure to racism- based police use of force and elucidate specific pathways to substance use for Black emerging adults. Additionally, the applicant’s proposed training plan will allow him to: 1) advance his substantive and measurement knowledge regarding exposure to racism-based police use of force, racism-based trauma symptoms, and substance use; 2) enhance his knowledge and skills in psychometric analysis; and 3) increase his skills for effective dissemination of research findings. The proposed research and training plans will help prepare the applicant for a career as an independent racism-based trauma and substance use scholar focused on advancing knowledge of prevalence and population level disparities in exposure to racism-based traumatic events and informing culturally relevant substance use prevention programs for Black emerging adults.

抽象的 在美国，黑人新兴成年人的社区暴力暴露（CVE）是美国的主要 鉴于其患病率为49，并且与药物使用的关联49,52。但是， 当暴力犯罪者订婚时，CVE与物质使用之间的关系 服务，增强或安全守卫他们所服务的公民的福利（例如，警察， 医生，老师等）和暴力（例如，凶杀和其他类型的严重身体伤害）是 作为一个基于种族主义的创伤事件经历（突然不受人的控制，情绪上的痛苦，偏见， 和歧视性）是未知的。在美国暴露于警察使用武力是一种CVE 吸引国家注意力为1,33,43。在全国范围内，黑人新兴的成年人的可能性是 经历暴露于警察威胁或使用武力的经历，没有武装的可能性要高两到三倍 与白色对手相比，被杀21,61,62。先前的研究表明，这种类型的CVE可能是 经历了基于种族主义的创伤事件7,9。种族主义频率的种族经历的类别 （CRFRE）MESE12的开发是为了评估个人对基于种族主义的事件的接触。 但是，CRFRE敌对种族主义量表并未抓住受感知的基于种族主义的警察使用 武力事件或警察使用武力事件的范围最为突出的人口。另外， 暴露于种族主义的警察使用武力，基于种族主义的创伤之间的关系的性质 症状和使用物质尚不清楚。因此，拟议的研究将1）确定关键调查项目 加上CRFRE敌对种族主义量表，捕获了基于种族主义的警察对武力的暴露 从父亲的支持中心或圣路易斯县司法中获得服务的黑人新兴成年人样本 在密苏里州圣路易斯的服务或圣路易斯社区学院的招募2）进行试点研究以测试 修订后的CRFRE量表的心理计量学特性，以及3）测试种族主义的潜在中介作用 - 基于基于种族主义的警察对武力的使用与 使用物质。该研究的结果将推进我们量化种族主义暴露的方法 - 基于警察使用武力并阐明了黑人新兴成年人的特定途径。 此外，申请人提议的培训计划将使他能够：1）提高他的实质性和 有关暴露于种族主义的警察使用武力的测量知识，基于种族主义的创伤 症状和药物使用； 2）在心理测量分析中增强他的知识和技能； 3）增加 他有效传播研究结果的技能。拟议的研究和培训计划将有助于 为申请人做准备，成为基于种族主义的独立创伤和吸毒学校的专业 关于在暴露于种族主义创伤的情况下促进患病率和人口水平分布的知识 事件并为黑人新兴成年人提供与文化相关的预防药物预防计划。