Snail-Related Studies of Transmission & Control of Schistosomiasis in Kenya

与蜗牛相关的传播研究

• 批准号: 9311618
• 负责人: ERIC SAMUEL LOKER
• 金额: $ 46.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-15 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9311618
• 关键词: Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Area; Biocontrols; Biodiversity; Biological; Biomphalaria; CRISPR/Cas technology; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Chronic; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Collaborations; Consensus; Controlled Study; Development; Disease; Embryo; Epidemiology; Fertilizers; Fostering; Funding; Generations; Goals; Habitats; Harvest; Hot Spot; Human; Hybrids; Indigenous; Infection; Interruption; Kenya; Knowledge; Lead; Left; Life Cycle Stages; Measures; Medical; Medical Research; New Mexico; Organ; Parasites; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Play; Population; Poverty; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Public Health; Refractory; Research; Research Institute; Research Personnel; Resistance; Resources; Role; Sampling; Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosome Parasite; Schistosomiasis; Scientist; Series; Site; Snails; Source; Sporocysts; Stream; Surface; Taxon; Testing; Training; Universities; Variant; Vertebral column; Vision; Water; base; chemotherapy; disability-adjusted life years; experimental study; killings; mental development; neglected tropical diseases; novel; novel strategies; operation; scale up; transmission process; vector; wild bird

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Among the Neglected Tropical Diseases that continue to afflict the “bottom billion” of the world's population, schistosomiasis ranks as one of the most common (currently 258 million cases) and difficult to control. Sub- Saharan Africa now supports over 85% of the world's cases of schistosomiasis, a disease that has long been underestimated in its impact on the people it infects, often impoverished children. The WHO has called for the elimination of human schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025, and although chemotherapy with the one available drug praziquantel will remain the backbone of this effort, a consensus has emerged that integrated control approaches (including snail control) will be needed if we are to achieve the WHO's ambitious goals. Nowhere is the prospect for schistosomiasis control more daunting than in the African great lakes like Lake Victoria and Lake Albert in which Schistosoma mansoni thrives, being transmitted in and around such habitats by at least three taxa of Biomphalaria snails. Building on a long-standing partnership between the University of New Mexico and the Kenya Medical Research Institute, we hypothesize that inherent biological differences among the three snail taxa lead to differences in compatibility with schistosomes and other parasites, and create for each taxon distinct opportunities for controlling the larval stages of S. mansoni that can propagate within them. We propose three aims: Aim 1) To reveal and dissect the roles of different Biomphalaria taxa with marked biological differences in the transmission of S. mansoni in six representative transmission sites in the Lake Victoria basin. The three taxa are B. sudanica (an out-crossing, shoreline- inhabiting species), B. choanomphala (a deep water ecophenotype of B. sudanica) and B. pfeifferi (a self- fertilizing snail usually in streams leading into the lake); Aim 2) To define and exploit the biodiversity of non- schistosome digeneans in the Lake Victoria basin, to compete with and suppress S. mansoni infections within Biomphalaria; and Aim 3) To develop novel approaches for snail or larval schistosome control scalable to vast transmission sites like Lake Victoria. These attempts will include identification and testing of schistosome- resistant snails and development of CRISPR/Cas technology with African Biomphalaria snails such that the knowledge can eventually be exploited for multiple purposes, including novel approaches for snail control. Our proposed studies offer the prospect of developing snail control that can be synchronized with integrated schistosomiasis control strategies, exploit local resources that could be scaled up and applied in low tech ways, and provide key training for young investigators in both the U.S. and Kenya for the challenges that lie ahead for snail-centered schistosomiasis control.

项目摘要/摘要 在被忽视的热带疾病中，这些疾病继续困扰着世界人口的“十亿”， 血吸虫病是最常见的（当前2.58亿例），难以控制。亚 撒哈拉非洲现在支持世界上85％以上的血吸虫病病例，这种疾病长期以来一直是 对其感染的人，经常贫穷的孩子的影响而低估了。谁呼吁 到2025年，消除人类血吸虫病是公共卫生问题，尽管 一项可用的药物普拉齐特尔将仍然是这项工作的骨干，已经达成共识 如果我们要实现谁雄心勃勃 目标。在非洲大湖区，没有任何地方可以控制血吸虫病控制的前景 维多利亚湖和阿尔伯特湖，曼森湖蓬勃发展，在此及其周围传播 至少三个生物喉蜗牛的栖息地。建立在长期合作伙伴关系之间 新墨西哥大学和肯尼亚医学研究所，我们假设固有的生物学 这三个蜗牛分类单元之间的差异导致与血块和其他方案的兼容性差异 寄生虫，并为每个分类单元创造不同的机会，以控制曼氏链球菌的幼虫阶段 可以在其中传播。我们提出三个目标：目标1）揭示和剖析不同的角色 六六个代表中的曼氏链球菌传播的生物差异显着差异 维多利亚湖盆地的传输地点。这三个分类单元是苏德尼卡（B. Sudanica） 居住的物种），B。choanomphala（苏迪尼卡芽孢杆菌的深水生态表型）和B. pfeifferi（一种自我 通常在通往湖泊的溪流中施肥Snapil）；目标2）定义和利用非 - 的生物多样性 维多利亚湖盆地中的黑斑点Digeneans，以与S. Mansoni感染竞争并抑制 生物腔；目标3）开发用于蜗牛或幼虫螺旋体控制可扩展的新颖方法 维多利亚湖等传输地点。这些尝试将包括识别和测试。 具有非洲生物疟疾蜗牛的CRISPR/CAS技术的抗蜗牛和开发 有时可以出于多种目的探索知识，包括用于蜗牛控制的新方法。我们的 拟议的研究提供了开发Snapil控制的前景，可以与综合 血吸虫病控制策略，利用可以在低技术中扩展和应用的本地资源 方式，并为美国和肯尼亚的年轻调查员提供关键的培训，以解决挑战 以蜗牛为中心的血吸虫病控制。