ICEMR-Mali : Multidisciplinary research for malaria control and prevention in West Africa

ICEMR-马里：西非疟疾控制和预防的多学科研究

• 批准号: 9263338
• 负责人: SEYDOU DOUMBIA
• 金额: $ 68.04万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF SCIENCES, TECH & TECH OF BAMAKO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-18 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9263338
• 关键词: 5 year old; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Antimalarials; Area; Artemisinins; Beds; Behavior; Case Management; Cessation of life; Chemoprevention; Child; Climate; Combined Modality Therapy; Complex; Country; Development; Disease; Disease Outcome; Drug resistance; Ecology; Effectiveness; Entomology; Environment; Epidemiology; Genetic Variation; Genetic Vectors; Genomics; Genotype; Geographic Distribution; Goals; Guidelines; High Prevalence; Human; Immune response; Immunology; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Laboratory Study; Life; Link; Malaria; Mali; Measures; Niger; Outcome; Parasites; Pathogenesis; Pattern; Pharmacotherapy; Population; Pregnant Women; Prevention; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Residual state; Rest; Rivers; Rural; Sahara; Site; Snow; Withdrawal; base; behavioral response; disease transmission; empowered; epidemiology study; field study; improved; malaria infection; malaria transmission; neglect; response; scale up; tool; transmission process; vector; vector mosquito; vector transmission

SUMMARY Wide deployment of malaria control tools in the past decade has significantly contributed to substantial reduction of the incidence and deaths related to the disease in Sub-Sahara Africa.. Yet, the region continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden of malaria deaths. Moreover, incidence remains high but stable in some settings while rebounding in others after a long period of decrease associated with intensive deployment of malaria control tools. The Overall goal of this ICEMR is to understand the variable effectiveness of current malaria control interventions in different ecological settings of West Africa through research to understand interactions between the parasite (response to drug treatment, genotypes, gametocyte survival), human (immune response and host genetics) and the vector (ecology, behaviors, and response to insecticides) and regulating influences of the local environment and human behavior. This ICEMR encompasses 3 Projects with the goals summarized as follow: 1] Epidemiology Project (Project 1): The goal is to understand why different patterns of malaria epidemiology and endemicity are resilient to current control strategies at four sites in Mali, representing different eco-zones across West Africa, 2] Malaria immuno- genomics Project (Project 2): The goal of this project is to identify genetic variation in the malaria parasite and human host, and assess the impact of these differences on malaria transmission and effectiveness of malaria control measures in four sites of Mali , 3] Malaria vector and transmission field ecology project (Project 3): The project goal is to investigate important neglected aspects of malaria vector and transmission field ecology at four sites in Mali, representing three eco-zones across West Africa. These projects links the different aspects of malaria transmission and disease into a unified whole, adding the ability to distinguish the contributions of different malaria control interventions on parasite population and range of immune responses (Project 2, Immunopahtogenesis) and seasonal and geographical distribution of anopheline mosquitoes vectors (Project 3). Understanding the factors relating entomological and epidemiological patterns of transmission will provide more definitive guidelines for malaria control efforts in Mali and in West Africa.

概括 过去十年来，疟疾控制工具的广泛部署为疟疾防治工作做出了重大贡献 撒哈拉以南非洲地区与该疾病相关的发病率和死亡人数有所减少。然而，该地区继续 在全球疟疾死亡负担中所占比例过高。此外，发病率 在某些情况下仍处于高位但稳定，而在其他情况下则在长期相关下降后反弹 密集部署疟疾控制工具。 ICEMR 的总体目标是理解变量 当前疟疾控制干预措施在西非不同生态环境中的有效性 研究了解寄生虫之间的相互作用（对药物治疗的反应、基因型、配子体 生存）、人类（免疫反应和宿主遗传学）和载体（生态、行为和对环境的反应） 杀虫剂）并调节当地环境和人类行为的影响。这个ICEMR 包括 3 个项目，目标概述如下： 1] 流行病学项目（项目 1）：目标是 了解为什么不同模式的疟疾流行病学和地方病能够适应当前的控制 马里四个地点的战略，代表整个西非的不同生态区，2] 疟疾免疫 基因组学项目（项目 2）：该项目的目标是识别疟原虫的遗传变异和 人类宿主，并评估这些差异对疟疾传播和疟疾有效性的影响 马里四个地点的控制措施，3] 疟疾媒介和传播现场生态项目（项目 3）： 项目目标是调查疟疾媒介和传播场生态学中被忽视的重要方面 马里的四个地点，代表整个西非的三个生态区。这些项目将不同的方面联系起来 将疟疾传播和疾病整合为一个统一的整体，增加了区分疟疾传播和疾病贡献的能力 对寄生虫种群和免疫反应范围的不同疟疾控制干预措施（项目 2， 按蚊媒介的免疫致病发生）以及季节性和地理分布（项目 3）。了解与昆虫学和流行病学传播模式相关的因素将提供 马里和西非的疟疾控制工作有更明确的指导方针。