Air pollution and Parkinson disease: a GIS-based approach

空气污染和帕金森病：基于 GIS 的方法

• 批准号: 8462266
• 负责人: Natalia Palacios
• 金额: $ 12.26万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-17 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8462266
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Agrochemicals; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidants; Biometry; Caffeine; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Cigarette; Cohort Studies; Data; Dietary Factors; Disease Progression; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Family; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Health; Health Professional; Herbicides; Human; Incidence; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Information Systems; Intake; International; Link; Location; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Nerve Degeneration; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurological outcome; Neurology; Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Nurses' Health Study; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Particulate; Pathogenesis; Patients; Persons; Pesticides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Quality of life; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk; Role; Scientist; Smoker; Smoking; Societies; Technology; Tobacco; Toxin; Training; Travel; Woman; Work; base; career; cohort; disorder risk; environmental chemical; follow-up; high risk; lifestyle factors; meetings; men; mortality; nervous system disorder; never smoker; novel; prospective; public health relevance; residence; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An accumulating body of evidence suggests that chronic exposure to air pollution has detrimental effects on human health. However, very little is known about the effects of air pollution on neurological outcomes and almost no work has been done to determine if air pollution could contribute to risk of Parkinson disease. For the majority of PD patients, environmental factors are believed to contribute substantially to risk of disease and PD risk has been shown to be increased among persons exposed to pesticides, herbicides and agricultural chemicals, and decreased among tobacco smokers. The observed role of environmental factors such as pesticides and smoking in PD epidemiology suggests that exposure to environmental chemicals, such as those found in air pollution could also influence the risk of PD. This application includes a training plan and research component focused on training the candidate in environmental health research and in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to study the association between exposure to air pollution and risk, mortality and progression of PD. The research project will use two large ongoing prospective cohort studies, the Nurses Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) to examine the effects of PM10, PM2.5, PM10-2.5 as well as traffic air pollution on PD incidence, mortality and progression. The candidate will also study interactions between air pollution and dietary and lifestyle factors including smoking, intake of antioxidants, caffeine intake and use of NSAID anti-inflammatory medications. The chosen populations are ideal for this study because of their large size, long follow-up, prospective information on dietary and lifestyle factors, and the availability of geocoded addresses for the majority of the cohort participants, putting the candidate in a unique position to explore the impact of air pollution on PD. The training plan is focused on preparing the candidate for a career as an independent investigator in the field of environmental epidemiology of neurological disease, with a particular focus on GIS technology and PD. The training plan includes coursework in GIS and air pollution modeling, research seminars in environmental epidemiology and biostatistics, as well as private sessions with mentors and advisors, and travel to international meetings in both neurology and environmental epidemiology to present the results of proposed research.

描述（由申请人提供）：越来越多的证据表明，长期暴露于空气污染会对人类健康产生不利影响。然而，人们对空气污染对神经系统结果的影响知之甚少，而且几乎没有开展任何工作来确定空气污染是否会增加帕金森病的风险。对于大多数帕金森病患者来说，环境因素被认为是导致疾病风险的重要因素，事实证明，接触农药、除草剂和农用化学品的人患帕金森病的风险会增加，而吸烟者的帕金森病的风险会降低。观察到的杀虫剂和吸烟等环境因素在帕金森病流行病学中的作用表明，接触环境化学物质（例如空气污染中的化学物质）也可能影响帕金森病的风险。该应用程序包括一个培训计划和研究部分，重点是对候选人进行环境健康研究和地理信息系统 (GIS) 方面的培训，以便研究空气污染暴露与帕金森病风险、死亡率和进展之间的关联。该研究项目将利用两项正在进行的大型前瞻性队列研究，即护士健康研究 (NHS) 和健康专业人员随访研究 (HPFS)，来研究 PM10、PM2.5、PM10-2.5 以及交通空气污染的影响PD 的发生率、死亡率和进展。候选人还将研究空气污染与饮食和生活方式因素之间的相互作用，包括吸烟、抗氧化剂的摄入、咖啡因的摄入和非甾体抗炎药抗炎药物的使用。所选人群是本研究的理想选择，因为其规模大、随访时间长、饮食和生活方式因素的前瞻性信息以及大多数队列参与者都有地理编码地址，使候选者处于独特的探索位置空气污染对PD的影响。培训计划的重点是让候选人为神经系统疾病环境流行病学领域的独立调查员职业做好准备，特别关注 GIS 技术和 PD。培训计划包括地理信息系统和空气污染建模课程、环境流行病学和生物统计学研究研讨会、导师和顾问的私人会议，以及参加神经病学和环境流行病学国际会议，展示拟议研究的结果。