Everyday Socioemotional Perception in the Context of Aging

老龄化背景下的日常社会情感感知

• 批准号: 9405256
• 负责人: Vanessa Lopes Castro
• 金额: $ 0.16万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9405256
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Aging; Attenuated; Catalogs; Competence; Cues; Discrimination; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Face; Facial Expression; Feeling; Goals; Hostility; Image; Impairment; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Literature; Maintenance; Masks; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Persons; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Series; Social Functioning; Social Perception; Stereotyping; Stimulus; Surveys; Testing; Voice; age difference; age group; age related; design; dyadic interaction; experience; positive emotional state; public health relevance; satisfaction; showing emotion; skills; social; trait; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Older adults report gains in domains including well-being and life satisfaction, despite experiencing declines in socio-emotional perception, a skill that likely underlies performance in these domains. The primary goal of this proposal is to advance our understanding of older adults' everyday socio-emotional perception skills using an approach that identifies the socio-emotional judgments older adults make in their everyday lives as a means to create ecologically valid stimuli for use in laboratory settings. Specifically, the proposed research will investigate older adults' perception of social and emotional states and traits that are hidden or expressed through a series of studies that will collectively assess: 1) older adults' everyday socio-emotional perception skills, and 2) age differences in the perception of social and emotional states and traits on laboratory tasks that approximate everyday skills. In Study 1, an online survey design will be employed to catalogue the types of social and emotional state and trait judgments older and younger adults report making in real life. Participants will also report whether such judgments are important to their social functioning, and whether they perceive their judgments as successful. Study 2 will use these findings to design stimuli for a laboratory task that assess the perception of emotional states that are hidden or expressed. This task will then be administered to a sample of younger and older adults in Study 3 to determine whether older adults demonstrate advantages in accurately perceiving emotional states and in determining whether these states are hidden or expressed as compared to younger adults on a task that is ecologically valid and representative of everyday skill. Study 4 will again draw on findings from Study 1 to design ecologically valid stimuli for a laboratory task that assesses the perception of social traits, including the trait of competence; stimuli will thus include cases where a target's competence is expressed or hidden from the perceiver. This task will subsequently be administered in Study 5 to a sample of younger and older adults to test for age differences in the perception of competence and the discrimination between images displaying expressed competence versus hidden competence. Together, results from these studies will inform our understanding of older adults' skills in perceiving others' emotional states and social traits. It is likely that patterns of age-related decline in soio-emotional perception often observed in the literature exist at least in part as a function of laboratory methods that do not adequately reflect older adults' true skills in daily life. Thus, th proposed research may present a more accurate and also more positive view of emotion and aging. Specifically, the proposed research may demonstrate that older adults experience gains in socio-emotional perception skills compared to younger adults, as these skills are integral to functioning in other domains in which older adults have demonstrated gains. Further, the proposed research contributes to the field by proposing an ecologically valid approach to examine age differences in socio-emotional perception in the laboratory that may be adopted by other researchers.

 描述（由申请人提供）：尽管社会情感感知能力下降，但老年人在福祉和生活满意度等领域取得了进步，而这种技能可能是这些领域表现的基础。该提案的主要目标是提高我们的水平。使用识别老年人在日常生活中做出的社会情感判断的方法来了解老年人的日常社会情感感知技能，作为创造用于实验室环境的生态有效刺激的手段。具体来说，拟议的研究将调查老年人。成年人对社会和情感状态及特征的感知，通过一系列研究隐藏或表达，这些研究将共同​​评估：1）老年人的日常社会情感感知技能，2）社会和情感状态感知的年龄差异在研究 1 中，将采用在线调查设计来对老年人和年轻人报告的社交和情绪状态以及特征判断的类型进行分类，参与者还将报告是否有此类判断。对他们的社会功能很重要，以及他们是否研究 2 将利用这些发现来设计一项实验室任务的刺激，评估隐藏或表达的情绪状态的感知，然后将这项任务应用于研究 3 中的年轻人和老年人样本。确定老年人在准确感知情绪状态方面是否表现出优势，并确定与年轻人相比，在执行生态有效且代表日常技能的任务时这些状态是否隐藏或表达，研究 4 将再次借鉴研究 1 的结果。为实验室任务设计生态有效的刺激评估社会特征的感知，包括能力特征；因此，刺激将包括目标的能力向感知者表达或隐藏的情况，该任务随后将在研究 5 中对年轻人和老年人进行测试。这些研究的结果将帮助我们了解老年人感知他人情绪状态和社会特征的技能。与年龄相关的下降文献中经常观察到的社会情感感知至少部分是实验室方法的函数，不能充分反映老年人在日常生活中的真实技能，因此，拟议的研究可能会提出更准确、更积极的观点。具体来说，拟议的研究可能表明，与年轻人相比，老年人在社会情感感知技能方面取得了进步，因为这些技能是老年人在其他领域的贡献所不可或缺的。提出一个生态有效的年龄的方法在实验室中检查社会情感感知的差异，其他研究人员可能会采用这种方法。

项目成果

Children's prototypic facial expressions during emotion-eliciting conversations with their mothers.

孩子们在与母亲引发情感对话时的典型面部表情。

• DOI: 10.1037/emo0000354
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
• 作者: Castro,VanessaL;Camras,LindaA;Halberstadt,AmyG;Shuster,Michael
• 通讯作者: Shuster,Michael

Aging and the Social Ecology of Everyday Interpersonal Perception: What is Perceived, in Whom, and Where?

老龄化与日常人际感知的社会生态：感知什么、在谁身上、在哪里？

• DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx159
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences
• 作者: Castro,VanessaL;Isaacowitz,DerekM
• 通讯作者: Isaacowitz,DerekM