The Health Consequences of Shale Gas Development

页岩气开发对健康的影响

• 批准号: 9349366
• 负责人: Elaine L Hill
• 金额: $ 38.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-18 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9349366
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Admission activity; Affect; Age; Air; Air Pollutants; Asthma; Barium; Birth Records; Bromides; Characteristics; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Chlorides; Code; Communities; Consensus; Country; Data; Demographic Factors; Dental Care; Development; Economics; Environment and Public Health; Environmental Health; Environmental Impact; Environmental Protection; Event; Fracture; Gases; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Health Food; Health Policy; Healthcare; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Household; Housing; Human; Incidence; Income; Individual; Industry; Industry Standard; Infant Health; Inferior; Inpatients; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Location; Low Birth Weight Infant; Lung diseases; Measures; Mediation; Minerals; Natural Gas; Noise; Occupations; Oils; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pennsylvania; Plants; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Price; Process; Production; Public Health; Recommendation; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Rights; Risk; Risk Estimate; Rural Community; Safety; Scientist; Shelter facility; Site; Social Impacts; Solid; Source; Strontium; Surface; System; Techniques; United States; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Water; Water Supply; adverse pregnancy outcome; contaminated drinking water; contaminated water; cost; design; drinking water; economic impact; experience; exposure pathway; ground water; hazard; health difference; health disparity; health inequalities; innovation; member; operation; payment; pollutant; public health relevance; remediation; residence; social implication; tool; toxicant; waste treatment; wasting

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The United States lacks a consensus over the economic, environmental, health and social implications of the rapidly expanding use of high-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) in both unconventional and conventional oil and gas development (this includes shale gas). Although these operations have been employed for over a decade in some states, and much controversy exists about the effects of these operations on the environment and public health, there is a dearth of studies measuring community impacts. In addition, there exists very little empirical guidance on the use of lease terms involving environmental protections (e.g. compressor station restrictions, surface damage remediation) and health-related protections, both of which are potential mechanisms for sheltering homeowners from the potential costs of shale gas development. Negotiated lease terms could depend upon the characteristics of homeowners, such that individuals who do not have negotiation power sign inferior lease terms. Subsequently, such inequities in lease terms could be a significant source of variation in health outcomes resulting from living in close proximity to shale gas development, with the most vulnerable populations experiencing the largest burden on health. The long-term goal is to build a research agenda that seeks to broadly understand the trade-offs (e.g. increased economic activity versus increased environmental degradation or harm to public health) that are facing policymakers and community members with respect to energy production, as well as the implications for public health and environmental health policy. The objective is to comprehensively study the effect of shale gas development on infant and child health outcomes and to identify health-protective lease terms. The proposed research aims to: 1) measure how air emissions from operations contribute to childhood respiratory disease exacerbations and incidence; 2) estimate how drinking water contamination from shale waste affects pregnancy outcomes and drinking water violations; 3) investigate how lease clauses modify previously measured adverse pregnancy outcomes, and how leasing clauses and royalties depend on socio-demographic contexts. The approach is innovative because it uses econometric techniques to exploit both temporal and spatial quasi-random variation across sites that are otherwise uniform, thereby allowing for quantifying differences in health associated uniquely with operations while holding other individual and community characteristics constant. The proposed research is significant because the findings will guide both the future research of specific pollutant pathways as well as policymakers and individual mineral rights owners about how to enhance the economic benefits and diminish any measured risks of shale gas development.

 描述（由适用提供）：美国对在非常常规的和常规的石油和天然气开发中快速扩展使用高量水平水解压裂（HVHF）的经济，环境，健康和社会含义缺乏共识（其中包括页岩气）。尽管这些行动在某些州已经采用了十多年，并且关于这些行动对环境和公共卫生的影响存在许多争议，但研究衡量社区影响的研究死亡。此外，关于使用涉及环境保护措施的租赁条款（例如，压缩机站限制，表面损害修复）和与健康相关的保护措施的租赁术语的经验指南很少，这两者都是庇护房主免受页岩气发展潜在成本的潜在机制。谈判的租赁条款可能取决于房主的特征，使得没有谈判权力标志较低租赁条款的个人。随后，这种不平等的租赁可能是由于靠近页岩气发展而导致的健康结果的重要来源，其中最脆弱的人群经历了最大的健康状况。长期的目标是建立一个研究议程，该议程试图广泛理解这一方面的权衡（例如，经济活动与增加的环境降解或对公共卫生的损害增加），在能源生产方面面临政策制定者和社区成员，以及对公共卫生和环境卫生政策的影响。目的是全面研究页岩气发育对婴儿和儿童健康结果的影响，并确定健康保护性租赁条款。拟议的研究旨在：1）衡量操作中的空气排放如何促进儿童呼吸道疾病加剧和发病率； 2）估计页岩废物受到饮用水污染如何影响妊娠结局和饮用水； 3）调查租赁条款如何修改先前测量的不良怀孕结果，以及租赁条款和特许权使用费如何依赖社会人口统计学背景。这种方法具有创新性，因为它使用经济技术来利用跨越均匀的站点的临时和空间准随机变化，从而允许量化与操作唯一相关的健康差异，同时保持其他个人和社区特征的恒定。拟议的研究很重要，因为这些发现将指导对特定污染物途径的未来研究以及政策制定者和个人矿权所有者，以提高如何提高经济利益并减少页岩气发展的任何测量风险。