At-Risk Neighborhoods and Health Outcomes

高危社区和健康结果

• 批准号: 9127768
• 负责人: Brian K. Finch
• 金额: $ 24.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-15 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9127768
• 关键词: 19 year old; Accounting; Adolescent; Affect; Area; Birth; California; Cause of Death; Chicago; Collection; Communities; Community Health; Conflict (Psychology); Country; County; Crime; Crowding; Data; Development; Economics; Emigrations; Epidemic; Exercise; Exposure to; Fright; Future; Goals; Hand; Health; Hearing; Home environment; Homicide; Injury; Latin America; Life; Light; Los Angeles; Measures; Nature; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Plague; Population; Poverty; Public Health; Research; Research Proposals; Risk; Sampling; Social Conditions; Social Interaction; Stress; Time; United States; Variant; Violence; Walking; War; aged; demographics; experience; gang; gang violence; health disparity; improved; innovation; member; mortality; population health; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; residence; segregation; social; social health determinants; social space; suburb; violent crime

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is our contention that gangland residence may have a unique effect on population health that is not reducible to crime, even if we were able to objectively and accurately measure crime. The nature of gang activities and violence remains a plausibly unique contributor to population health-a factor that has been largely unexplored despite its potential effect on population health and health disparities. We further argue that birh outcomes are a relevant barometer for population health, given the responsiveness of this outcome to changing social conditions and due to the fact that we are able to assess birth outcomes with a large sample in highly diverse neighborhood settings, over a long period of time. Our project goals for this exploratory/developmental (R21) research proposal are simple, we want to assess whether gangland residence is associated with population health and health disparities. Given the pervasiveness of gangs in Los Angeles County, the large variation in neighborhood types, and the responsiveness of birth outcomes to dynamic social conditions-this project has the capability to shed light on an under-researched social determinant of health. Our aims are as follows: Aim 1. To determine if gangland residence has an independent effect on adverse birth outcomes, net of neighborhood crime and socio-demographics such as poverty and economic and racial/ethnic composition. Aim 2. To determine if gangland residence compounds the effect of neighborhood-level crime. Aim 3. To determine whether gang injunctions are efficacious for improving population health. Aim 4. To assess whether gangland residence accounts for adverse birth outcome disparities. This project is an attempt to uncover independent effects of gangland residence on population health and if successful, will provide a baseline for future gangland community health research. We believe the project's innovation will assuage any fears of it being a relatively risky endeavor and that is why we feel that an R21 is the perfect mechanism for such an approach.

 描述（由适用提供）：我们的内容是，Gangland Residence可能对人口健康产生独特的影响，即使我们能够客观和准确地衡量犯罪，也不会减少犯罪。帮派活动和暴力的性质仍然是对人口健康的独特贡献，这是一个因素，尽管它对人口健康和健康差异的潜在影响，但它在很大程度上是出乎意料的。我们进一步认为，鉴于这种结果对不断变化的社会状况的反应，BIRH的结果是人口健康的相关晴雨表，并且由于我们能够在很长一段时间内在高度多样化的社区环境中评估大量样本的出生结果。我们对这项探索/发展（​​R21）研究建议的项目目标很简单，我们想评估Gangland Residence是否与人口健康和健康差异有关。鉴于洛杉矶县帮派的普遍性，邻里类型的巨大差异以及对动态社会条件的出生结果的反应能力 - 该项目可以阐明研究不足的健康社会决定者。我们的目的如下：目标1。确定Gangland Residence是否对不良的出生结果，邻里犯罪的网和社会人口统计学（例如贫困，经济和种族/种族/种族组成）有独立的影响。目的2。确定Gangland Residence是否会使邻里级犯罪的影响更加复杂。目标3。确定黑社会感染是否有效地改善了人口健康。目的4。评估黑社会居民是否涉及不良出生结果分布。该项目是试图发现黑社会居民对人口健康的独立影响，如果成功的话，将为未来的黑帮社区健康研究提供基准。我们认为该项目的创新将使人们对它是一项相对冒险的努力的任何担忧，这就是为什么我们认为R21是这种方法的完美机制。