Molecular mechanisms of auxin-mediated plant development

生长素介导的植物发育的分子机制

• 批准号: 9204843
• 负责人: YUNDE ZHAO
• 金额: $ 29.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9204843
• 关键词: Address; Alleles; Amino Acids; Anabolism; Arabidopsis; Auxins; Biology; Blood Vessels; CRISPR/Cas technology; Catalytic RNA; Cell Differentiation process; Cell division; Cells; Complex; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Data; Defect; Development; Developmental Process; Embryonic Development; Enhancers; Eukaryota; Family; Flowers; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Screening; Goals; Growth; Hormones; Human; Indoles; Lead; Link; Mediating; Molecular; Names; Organogenesis; Pathway interactions; Pattern Formation; Phosphorylation; Plant Roots; Plants; Process; Protein Dephosphorylation; Protein Kinase; Proteins; Proteomics; Pyruvate; Research; Role; Root Tip; Scaffolding Protein; Seedling; Seeds; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Signal Transduction Pathway; Source; Specific qualifier value; Sterility; Tissues; Transferase; Tropism; Tryptophan; Work; base; carboxylation; cell type; experimental study; flavin-containing monooxygenase; improved; indoleacetic acid; insight; mathematical model; mutant; novel; plant growth/development; promoter; public health relevance; transcription factor

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Auxin is an essential hormone for many aspects of plant growth and development. The general goal of this proposal is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates various developmental processes. We approached key questions in auxin biology by first elucidating the molecular mechanisms of auxin biosynthesis. We have unambiguously established the first complete tryptophan (Trp)-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway. Plants use a two-step pathway to convert Trp into Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main auxin in plants. Trp is first converted to indole-3-pyruvate (IPA) by the TAA family of amino transferases and subsequently, IPA is converted to IAA by the YUC family of flavin-containing monooxygenases. The TAA/YUC pathway is the major auxin biosynthesis pathway in plants. By screening for genetic modifiers of auxin biosynthesis mutants, we firmly established a novel signal transduction pathway for auxin-mediated organogenesis. The known components in the signaling pathway are: the protein kinase PID, the scaffolding protein NPY1, and the transcription factor ARF5. Our progress in auxin biosynthesis enables us to modulate auxin levels in plants with spatial and temporal control, thus allowing us to address key questions in auxin biology from a different perspective. The main aims of the proposed studies are: (1) Assess the relative contributions of local auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport to Arabidopsis root development; (2) Elucidate the roles of the protein kinase SKA1 in auxin-mediated organogenesis; (3) Genetically delineate the signaling pathway by which auxin controls flower development. The proposed experiments will lead to a more complete picture of the roles of localized auxin biosynthesis in plant development. The proposed work will also provide significant new insights into the signaling mechanisms that control complex developmental processes.

 描述（由适用提供）：生长素是植物生长和发育许多方面的必不可少的马酮。该提案的一般目标是阐明生长素调节各种发育过程的分子机制。我们通过首先阐明生长素生物合成的分子机制来解决生长素生物学中的关键问题。我们明确建立了第一个完整的色氨酸（TRP）依赖性生长素生物合成途径。植物使用两步途径将TRP转换为植物中的主要生长素吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）。首先将TRP转换为氨基转移的TAA家族转换为吲哚-3-丙酮酸（IPA），随后，IPA被含YUC的含黄素单加氧酶的YUC家族转化为IAA。 TAA/YUC途径是植物中的主要生长素生物合成途径。通过筛选生长素生物合成突变体的遗传修饰剂，我们首先建立了一种新型的，用于生长素介导的器官发生的新型信号转导途径。信号通路中的已知成分是：蛋白激酶PID，脚手架蛋白NPY1和转录因子ARF5。我们在生长素生物合成方面的进展使我们能够调节具有空间和临时控制的植物中的生长素水平，从而使我们能够从不同的角度解决生长素生物学中的关键问题。拟议的研究的主要目的是：（1）评估局部生长素生物合成和极性生长素转运至的相对贡献 拟南芥根源发展； （2）阐明蛋白激酶SKA1在生长素介导的器官发生中的作用； （3）遗传描绘了生长素控制花朵发育的信号传导途径。提出的实验将导致更完整地了解局部生长生物合成在植物发育中的作用。拟议的工作还将为控制复杂发育过程的信号传导机制提供重要的新见解。